Maryland

Maryland is a diverse and inclusive state, where people from all walks of life can thrive.
Martin O’Malley in State of the State Address, 2010
Maryland, one of the original thirteen American colonies, was founded in 1634 by Lord Baltimore as a haven for English Catholics. Its pivotal role in the colonial era was marked by its economic growth driven by tobacco cultivation, its establishment as a religiously tolerant refuge, and its strategic location between the North and South. The state played a significant role in the American Revolutionary War, with the Annapolis Convention paving the way for the Constitutional Convention. During the Civil War, Maryland's divided loyalties resulted in a tense struggle between Union and Confederate sympathizers. The state's industrialization and urbanization accelerated in the late 19th century, fueled by its access to waterways and proximity to major cities. Today, Maryland is known for its diverse economy, rich cultural heritage, and landmarks like the U.S. Naval Academy and the bustling city of Baltimore.
Brief timeline of the history of the state of Maryland:

  • 1634: Maryland is founded as a proprietary colony by English nobleman Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, as a refuge for English Catholics.

  • 1649: The Maryland Toleration Act is passed, granting religious freedom to all Christians and ensuring a degree of religious tolerance.

  • 1694: The capital of Maryland is moved from St. Mary's City to Annapolis.

  • 1765: Maryland takes a stand against the Stamp Act, one of the acts imposed by the British Parliament on the American colonies, by joining the boycott against British goods.

  • 1776: Maryland adopts its first state constitution, severing ties with British rule and becoming an independent state.

  • 1783: The Treaty of Paris is signed, officially ending the American Revolutionary War and recognizing the United States as an independent nation. Maryland is one of the 13 original states.

  • 1814: During the War of 1812, British forces attack Baltimore, but are repelled at Fort McHenry. This event inspires Francis Scott Key to write the poem that later becomes the U.S. national anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner."

  • 1861-1865: Maryland is a border state during the American Civil War, with divided loyalties between the Union and the Confederacy. Martial law is imposed in Baltimore due to pro-Confederate sympathies.

  • Late 19th century: Maryland experiences industrialization and urbanization, particularly in Baltimore, becoming a center for manufacturing and shipping.

  • 1904: The Great Baltimore Fire destroys much of downtown Baltimore, but the city rebuilds and continues to grow.

  • Mid-20th century: Maryland becomes a hub for scientific research and development, with institutions such as the Johns Hopkins University and its affiliated medical institutions leading the way.

  • Present: Maryland is known for its diverse economy, including industries such as biotechnology, defense, healthcare, and tourism. It is home to historical sites such as the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis and the Chesapeake Bay.

Audiobooks about the history of Maryland.