What are Carnegie Libraries?

Carnegie Libraries are public libraries that were built with financial assistance from philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. These libraries were funded by Carnegie's donations and were established across the United States and other countries during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Who was Andrew Carnegie?

Andrew Carnegie was a Scottish-American industrialist and philanthropist who made a fortune in the steel industry during the late 19th century. He believed in the importance of education and donated a significant portion of his wealth to fund the construction of public libraries, known as Carnegie Libraries.

Why did Andrew Carnegie fund libraries?

Andrew Carnegie believed that access to knowledge and education was vital for individual and societal progress. He funded libraries as a way to provide free access to books and learning resources to communities, particularly those that lacked access to educational opportunities.

How many Carnegie Libraries were built?

Between 1883 and 1929, Carnegie's donations led to the construction of over 2,500 libraries worldwide. The majority of these libraries were built in the United States, with others in countries such as the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.

What was the process to receive funding for a Carnegie Library?

Communities seeking funding for a Carnegie Library had to submit a formal application to Carnegie's foundation, providing details about their need for a library, willingness to maintain the library, and plans for site selection and ongoing funding. Carnegie's foundation would then review the application and approve or deny the request.

What were the architectural features of Carnegie Libraries?

Carnegie Libraries often featured neoclassical architectural styles, reflecting the prevailing design preferences of the time. Many were designed by prominent architects and showcased features like grand entrances, decorative facades, and large reading rooms with high ceilings and natural light.

Were all Carnegie Libraries the same?

While Carnegie Libraries shared the common purpose of providing public access to books and knowledge, their sizes and designs varied depending on the community's needs and available funding. Some libraries were smaller, single-room facilities, while others were larger, multi-story buildings.

Are Carnegie Libraries still in use today?

Many Carnegie Libraries are still in use today, serving as public libraries, community centers, museums, or other cultural institutions. Some have undergone renovations or expansions to accommodate modern needs, while others remain relatively unchanged.

Did Carnegie Libraries have any specific requirements or conditions?

Carnegie's donations often came with conditions. For example, communities were expected to provide a suitable site for the library, commit to maintaining the facility, and allocate a portion of their annual budget for library operations. Additionally, racial segregation was sometimes enforced in Carnegie Libraries, reflecting the social norms of the era.

What is the legacy of Carnegie Libraries?

The Carnegie Library initiative had a significant impact on public library development worldwide. It expanded access to education, promoted literacy, and served as a model for future library systems. The libraries continue to play a crucial role in communities by providing free access to knowledge and fostering a love of reading.

Historical Marker

The Carnegie Library

Historical marker location:

121 W Main St, Brownsville, Tennessee

( Marker is at the intersection of West Main Street (Tennessee Route 54) and North Wilson Avenue, on the right when traveling west on West Main Street.)

A brief timeline of the history of Carnegie Libraries

1881: Andrew Carnegie, a Scottish-American industrialist and philanthropist, begins his philanthropic efforts in library construction by donating funds to build the Braddock Library in Pennsylvania.
1883: The first "Carnegie Library" is officially established in Dunfermline, Scotland, Carnegie's birthplace. This library serves as a model for future Carnegie Libraries.
1886: Carnegie writes an article titled "Wealth," where he articulates his belief in philanthropy and the responsibility of the wealthy to give back to society.
1889: The Carnegie Corporation of New York is established with the aim of funding the construction of libraries across the United States and other English-speaking countries.
1893: The first Carnegie Library in the United States, the Carnegie Library of Braddock in Pennsylvania, is opened to the public.
Late 1890s to early 1900s: The construction of Carnegie Libraries spreads rapidly throughout the United States and other parts of the English-speaking world, including Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. The libraries are often designed by prominent architects and feature diverse architectural styles.
1901: The Carnegie Corporation of New York is founded as a philanthropic organization to manage and administer Andrew Carnegie's charitable projects, including the library program.
1902: Carnegie makes a significant endowment, donating $10 million to establish the Carnegie Institute in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The Institute includes a library, an art gallery, and a natural history museum.
1917: Andrew Carnegie dies, leaving a lasting legacy of philanthropy, including the establishment of thousands of libraries around the world.
1920s-1930s: The construction of Carnegie Libraries gradually slows down, and the focus shifts to maintaining and updating existing libraries to meet changing community needs.
Late 20th century to present: Many Carnegie Libraries undergo renovations, expansions, or repurposing to adapt to modern library services and technological advancements. Some continue to operate as public libraries, while others have been transformed into cultural centers, museums, community spaces, or educational institutions.

The Carnegie Libraries have left an indelible mark on the accessibility of knowledge and education. They remain a testament to Andrew Carnegie's belief in the power of libraries to uplift communities and provide opportunities for personal and intellectual growth.

Tennessee is like an interactive documentary about America!

About Haywood County

Haywood County, TN has a rich and diverse history that spans centuries. Originally inhabited by Native American tribes such as the Chickasaw, the area was settled by European colonists in the late 18th century. In 1823, Haywood County was officially established and named after John Haywood, a prominent figure in Tennessee's early history.

During the Antebellum period, Haywood County prospered as a result of its fertile land and proximity to the Mississippi River. The county became known for its robust agriculture industry, particularly cotton. Numerous plantations were established, and the labor force largely consisted of enslaved African Americans. The county played a significant role in the cotton economy of the South and experienced both the prosperity and turmoil associated with it.

The Civil War had a profound impact on Haywood County. As a border state, Tennessee was divided in its loyalties, and the county experienced both Union and Confederate occupation during the conflict. Many residents served in the war, and the county saw its fair share of skirmishes and battles. Reconstruction and its aftermath brought further challenges and changes to Haywood County as it adapted to the end of slavery and the Reconstruction policies of the federal government.

In the 20th century, Haywood County continued to be predominately agricultural, but experienced a decline in cotton production due to factors such as industrialization and the boll weevil infestation. In response, farmers diversified their crops, shifting to soybeans, corn, and other commodities. The county also saw advancements in infrastructure and technology, such as the construction of highways and the establishment of a local university. Today, Haywood County remains proud of its agricultural heritage and rich history, attracting visitors with its historic landmarks, museums, and annual festivals.

Haywood County Timeline

This timeline provides a concise overview of the key events in the history of Haywood County, Tennessee.

1823 - Haywood County, TN is established.
1826 - Brownsville is officially incorporated as the county seat.
1830s - The county experiences substantial growth with the arrival of the railroad.
1837 - The city of Stanton is incorporated.
1861-1865 - Haywood County is heavily impacted by the American Civil War.
1878 - The West Tennessee State Normal School is established in Brownsville.
1890s - The county experiences an agricultural boom with the growth of the cotton industry.
1920s - The Bells Depot becomes known as Bells as it grows into a thriving town.
1950s - The county experiences economic growth with the establishment of industry.
1965 - The Hatchie National Wildlife Refuge is established in Haywood County.
2000s - Efforts are made to revitalize downtown Brownsville through preservation projects.

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