What are Carnegie Libraries?

Carnegie Libraries are public libraries that were built with financial assistance from philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. These libraries were funded by Carnegie's donations and were established across the United States and other countries during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Who was Andrew Carnegie?

Andrew Carnegie was a Scottish-American industrialist and philanthropist who made a fortune in the steel industry during the late 19th century. He believed in the importance of education and donated a significant portion of his wealth to fund the construction of public libraries, known as Carnegie Libraries.

Why did Andrew Carnegie fund libraries?

Andrew Carnegie believed that access to knowledge and education was vital for individual and societal progress. He funded libraries as a way to provide free access to books and learning resources to communities, particularly those that lacked access to educational opportunities.

How many Carnegie Libraries were built?

Between 1883 and 1929, Carnegie's donations led to the construction of over 2,500 libraries worldwide. The majority of these libraries were built in the United States, with others in countries such as the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.

What was the process to receive funding for a Carnegie Library?

Communities seeking funding for a Carnegie Library had to submit a formal application to Carnegie's foundation, providing details about their need for a library, willingness to maintain the library, and plans for site selection and ongoing funding. Carnegie's foundation would then review the application and approve or deny the request.

What were the architectural features of Carnegie Libraries?

Carnegie Libraries often featured neoclassical architectural styles, reflecting the prevailing design preferences of the time. Many were designed by prominent architects and showcased features like grand entrances, decorative facades, and large reading rooms with high ceilings and natural light.

Were all Carnegie Libraries the same?

While Carnegie Libraries shared the common purpose of providing public access to books and knowledge, their sizes and designs varied depending on the community's needs and available funding. Some libraries were smaller, single-room facilities, while others were larger, multi-story buildings.

Are Carnegie Libraries still in use today?

Many Carnegie Libraries are still in use today, serving as public libraries, community centers, museums, or other cultural institutions. Some have undergone renovations or expansions to accommodate modern needs, while others remain relatively unchanged.

Did Carnegie Libraries have any specific requirements or conditions?

Carnegie's donations often came with conditions. For example, communities were expected to provide a suitable site for the library, commit to maintaining the facility, and allocate a portion of their annual budget for library operations. Additionally, racial segregation was sometimes enforced in Carnegie Libraries, reflecting the social norms of the era.

What is the legacy of Carnegie Libraries?

The Carnegie Library initiative had a significant impact on public library development worldwide. It expanded access to education, promoted literacy, and served as a model for future library systems. The libraries continue to play a crucial role in communities by providing free access to knowledge and fostering a love of reading.

Historical Marker

Crawfordsville (Indiana) Carnegie Library

Historical marker location:

222 South Washington Street, Crawfordsville, Indiana

( Marker is on South Washington Street, on the left when traveling south.)

Marker installed: 2009

First Carnegie Library in Indiana

A brief timeline of the history of Carnegie Libraries

1881: Andrew Carnegie, a Scottish-American industrialist and philanthropist, begins his philanthropic efforts in library construction by donating funds to build the Braddock Library in Pennsylvania.
1883: The first "Carnegie Library" is officially established in Dunfermline, Scotland, Carnegie's birthplace. This library serves as a model for future Carnegie Libraries.
1886: Carnegie writes an article titled "Wealth," where he articulates his belief in philanthropy and the responsibility of the wealthy to give back to society.
1889: The Carnegie Corporation of New York is established with the aim of funding the construction of libraries across the United States and other English-speaking countries.
1893: The first Carnegie Library in the United States, the Carnegie Library of Braddock in Pennsylvania, is opened to the public.
Late 1890s to early 1900s: The construction of Carnegie Libraries spreads rapidly throughout the United States and other parts of the English-speaking world, including Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. The libraries are often designed by prominent architects and feature diverse architectural styles.
1901: The Carnegie Corporation of New York is founded as a philanthropic organization to manage and administer Andrew Carnegie's charitable projects, including the library program.
1902: Carnegie makes a significant endowment, donating $10 million to establish the Carnegie Institute in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The Institute includes a library, an art gallery, and a natural history museum.
1917: Andrew Carnegie dies, leaving a lasting legacy of philanthropy, including the establishment of thousands of libraries around the world.
1920s-1930s: The construction of Carnegie Libraries gradually slows down, and the focus shifts to maintaining and updating existing libraries to meet changing community needs.
Late 20th century to present: Many Carnegie Libraries undergo renovations, expansions, or repurposing to adapt to modern library services and technological advancements. Some continue to operate as public libraries, while others have been transformed into cultural centers, museums, community spaces, or educational institutions.

The Carnegie Libraries have left an indelible mark on the accessibility of knowledge and education. They remain a testament to Andrew Carnegie's belief in the power of libraries to uplift communities and provide opportunities for personal and intellectual growth.

Audiobooks about the history of Indiana.

The famous composer Cole Porter was born in Peru, Indiana in 1891. Porter went on to write many popular songs and musicals, including "Anything Goes" and "Kiss Me, Kate."

About Montgomery County

Montgomery County, Indiana has a rich and vibrant history that spans over two centuries. The area was once inhabited by various Native American tribes, including the Miami and Delaware tribes. The first European settlers arrived in the late 1820s, attracted by the fertile land and abundant natural resources. The county was officially established in 1822, named after General Richard Montgomery who fought in the American Revolutionary War.

During the 19th century, Montgomery County rapidly developed as an agricultural center. The county became known for its production of corn, wheat, and livestock, which fueled its economy. The construction of railroads in the late 1800s further facilitated the transportation and export of these agricultural products, leading to economic growth and increased prosperity for the county.

Montgomery County also played a significant role in the Underground Railroad, a network of secret routes and safe houses used by enslaved African Americans to escape to freedom. Local residents actively participated in assisting escaped slaves, providing shelter and assistance along their dangerous journey northward.

In the 20th century, Montgomery County experienced industrialization and the growth of manufacturing sectors. The county became known for its production of automobiles, farm machinery, and textiles. However, like many other Rust Belt areas, the decline of manufacturing in the latter half of the century brought economic challenges to the county.

Today, Montgomery County thrives as a vibrant community that celebrates its rich heritage while embracing new opportunities. It showcases its history through various museums and attractions, preserving its agricultural and industrial roots. The county continues to be a hub for agriculture, manufacturing, and services, contributing to the overall economic growth of the region.

Montgomery County Timeline

This timeline provides a condensed summary of the historical journey of Montgomery County, Indiana.

1817 - Montgomery County is established in the Indiana Territory.
1822 - Crawfordsville is founded as the county seat.
1831 - Waveland is platted and becomes an important trading post.
1853 - The Indianapolis and Terre Haute Railroad is completed, boosting the county's economy.
1861-1865 - Montgomery County sends troops to fight in the Civil War.
1871 - The first streetlights are installed in Crawfordsville.
1881 - Wabash College is founded in Crawfordsville.
1920 - The Nineteenth Amendment is ratified, granting women the right to vote.
1950s-1960s - Montgomery County experiences economic growth with the arrival of new industries.
1972 - Shades State Park is established in Waveland.
2008 - The Montgomery County Courthouse undergoes significant renovations.
2019 - Montgomery County celebrates its bicentennial.