Historical Marker

The Civil War in Putnam County

Historical marker location:
Winfield, West Virginia
( Marker is at the intersection of Courthouse Drive and Emergency Lane / Sabre Street, on the right when traveling south on Courthouse Drive.)

A Microcosm. River to Ridges Heritage Trail

  A brief timeline of the Civil War

  • April 12, 1861: The Civil War begins with the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter, located in South Carolina's Charleston Harbor.

  • April 15, 1861: President Abraham Lincoln issues a call for 75,000 volunteers to serve in the Union Army to suppress the rebellion.

  • May 24, 1861: The first major land battle, known as the First Battle of Bull Run (or First Battle of Manassas), takes place in Virginia. It ends in Confederate victory.

  • September 17, 1862: The Battle of Antietam in Maryland becomes the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with heavy casualties on both sides. The Union forces, commanded by General George McClellan, manage to halt Confederate General Robert E. Lee's advance into Union territory.

  • January 1, 1863: President Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation, declaring that all slaves in Confederate-held territories are to be set free. However, the proclamation does not immediately free all slaves in the United States.

  • July 1-3, 1863: The Battle of Gettysburg in Pennsylvania takes place, resulting in a significant Union victory and inflicting heavy casualties on Confederate forces. It marks a turning point in the war.

  • November 19, 1863: President Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address, emphasizing the principles of liberty, equality, and the preservation of the Union.

  • April 9, 1865: General Robert E. Lee surrenders to Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House in Virginia, effectively ending the Civil War.

  • April 14, 1865: President Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth while attending a play at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C.

  • May 10, 1865: Confederate President Jefferson Davis is captured, signaling the collapse of the Confederate government.

  • December 6, 1865: The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, officially abolishing slavery throughout the country.

While this timeline provides an overview of key events, it is important to note that the Civil War spanned over four years, from 1861 to 1865, and encompassed numerous battles, campaigns, and political developments that shaped the course of American history.

The world's first federal prison exclusively for women was established in Alderson, West Virginia, in 1927.
West Virginia random facts
Putnam County, West Virginia, has a rich and diverse history that spans several centuries. The area was originally home to Native American tribes, including the Shawnee and Delaware tribes. European settlement in the region began in the late 1700s, as pioneers moved westward to establish communities.

In the early 1800s, the Kanawha River played a vital role in the development of Putnam County. The construction of the James River and Kanawha Turnpike and later the Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad brought increased trade and transportation opportunities to the region, leading to the establishment of towns and communities such as Winfield and Buffalo.

During the American Civil War, Putnam County was significantly impacted. Several battles and skirmishes took place in the area, including the Battle of Scary Creek and the Battle of Hurricane Bridge. The region was caught between Union and Confederate forces, and many civilians suffered from the consequences of war.

In the post-war years, Putnam County experienced growth and prosperity. Agriculture became a significant industry, with farmers cultivating crops such as tobacco, corn, wheat, and apples. The coal industry also played a vital role in the county's economy, with the opening of mines and the construction of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad leading to increased coal production and transportation.

Throughout the 20th century, Putnam County continued to evolve and expand. The growth of industries and the creation of highways, such as Interstate 64, brought further development to the area. Today, Putnam County is a vibrant and thriving community, offering a mix of urban and rural landscapes, a strong economy, and a rich historical heritage.

This timeline provides a condensed summary of the historical journey of Putnam County, West Virginia.

  • 1785 - Putnam County is formed from parts of Kanawha and Mason Counties.
  • 1818 - The first settlers begin to arrive in the county, primarily from Virginia and Kentucky.
  • 1848 - The county's first courthouse is constructed in Buffalo, which becomes the county seat.
  • 1861-1865 - Putnam County experiences significant disruption and hardship during the American Civil War.
  • 1869 - The county seat is moved from Buffalo to Winfield.
  • 1890 - The first railroad, the Kanawha and Michigan Railroad, is completed in the county.
  • 1903 - The town of Hurricane is incorporated.
  • 1948 - The Ohio River Bridge, connecting Putnam County to Ohio, is completed.
  • 1963 - The construction of Interstate 64 begins, which later passes through the county.
  • 1985 - The town of Teays Valley is established.