Angie Williams Cox Public Library

Columbia County, Wisconsin, has a rich history dating back thousands of years. It was originally inhabited by Native American tribes, including the Ho-Chunk (Winnebago) and Menominee, who made use of the area's vast resources for hunting, fishing, and gathering. European settlers began arriving in the early 19th century, establishing fur trading posts along the Fox and Wisconsin Rivers.

In 1839, Columbia County was officially established, named after Christopher Columbus. The county's first seat was at the village of Portage, which quickly developed as a transportation hub due to its strategic location at the junction of the two rivers. Portage became a vital stopping point for travelers between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River.

The completion of the Portage Canal in 1851 further bolstered the county's economic growth. This canal connected the Fox and Wisconsin Rivers, allowing for easier navigation between the two. The canal facilitated the transportation of goods, led to the development of new industries, and attracted more settlers to the area.

The mid-19th century saw rapid expansion in Columbia County, with the construction of railroads and the establishment of numerous farming communities. Agriculture became the backbone of the county's economy, with dairy farming and corn production flourishing. The county also saw industrial progress, with the opening of mills, foundries, and other manufacturing businesses.

Today, Columbia County is a thriving community with a diverse economy. It remains an important agricultural center, while also housing a variety of industries such as tourism, healthcare, and manufacturing. The county's history is celebrated through conservation efforts, preservation of historic sites, and community events, ensuring that its rich heritage continues to be valued and appreciated.