Washington County, Virginia

Washington County, located in southwestern Virginia, has a rich and diverse history dating back thousands of years. The region was originally inhabited by indigenous peoples, such as the Cherokee and Shawnee tribes, who thrived off the land and riverways. In the late 17th century, European settlers, mainly of Scotch-Irish descent, began to arrive and establish small farms and trading posts in the area, paving the way for the county’s future.

The county was officially formed in 1776 and named after President George Washington, who was a renowned figure during the American Revolutionary War. Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, Washington County played a significant role in the growth and development of Virginia. It served as a key transportation hub, situated along the Great Wilderness Road, which was a major route for westward migration. The county's location along important trade routes and proximity to the Appalachian Mountains also made it a center for mining, timber, and agriculture.

During the Civil War, Washington County became a battleground for Confederate and Union forces. The Battle of Saltville, which occurred in 1864, was a significant conflict that took place in the county. The Confederate forces' victory there resulted in the establishment of Saltville as a vital salt production center for the Confederacy. However, as the war progressed, the county witnessed widespread destruction, with many buildings and farms being burned or damaged.

In the modern era, Washington County has continued to evolve. Particularly noteworthy is the region's growth in education and healthcare. The county is home to multiple institutions of higher learning, including Emory & Henry College and Virginia Highlands Community College. Additionally, the presence of healthcare facilities, such as Johnston Memorial Hospital, has made Washington County a regional healthcare hub. With a combination of history, natural beauty, and significant developments, Washington County remains a vibrant and pivotal part of Virginia's heritage.
Brief timeline of the history of Washington County, Virginia:

  • 1769 - Washington County, VA is established
  • 1775 - The Indian Treaty of Long Island is signed
  • 1776 - Fort Caswell is built for defense during the Revolutionary War
  • 1780 - Abingdon, the county seat, is founded
  • 1861 - Virginia secedes from the Union during the Civil War
  • 1863 - Battle of Saltville takes place
  • 1868 - Emory and Henry College is founded
  • 1920 - Bristol's State Street is divided between Virginia and Tennessee
  • 1943 - The Holston Ordnance Works is established
  • 1957 - The Bristol Motor Speedway opens
  • 1961 - The Appalachian Trail is completed through Washington County
  • 1972 - The Barter Theatre is designated as Virginia's official state theater
  • 1985 - The William King Museum of Art is established in Abingdon
  • 1995 - The Virginia Creeper Trail is developed

This timeline provides a condensed summary of the historical journey of Washington County, Virginia.