National Register Listings in

Middlesex County, Virginia

Middlesex County, Virginia has a long and rich history that dates back to the early 17th century. The county was formed in 1669 after being split from Lancaster County, and it is named after the county of Middlesex in England. Positioned along the banks of the Chesapeake Bay and the Rappahannock River, the area played a significant role in the colonial era and the subsequent development of the United States.

During the colonial period, Middlesex County was primarily rural and reliant on agriculture, with tobacco being the primary cash crop. It was also home to many plantations, which were worked by enslaved Africans brought to the region. Over time, the county became known for its large estates and wealthy landowners.

Throughout the Revolutionary War, Middlesex County was an active participant. Its location along the Chesapeake Bay made it a crucial hub for trade and communication, and it also served as a base for privateering, a practice in which privately owned vessels were authorized to attack enemy ships. The county played a role in the Battle of Yorktown, which led to the British surrender and the end of the war.

In the 19th century, Middlesex County saw economic and social changes. The decline of tobacco as a cash crop led to a shift towards other agricultural products like corn and wheat. Additionally, advancements in transportation, such as the construction of the railroad, helped bring increased prosperity to the county. Middlesex County also experienced notable military involvement during the American Civil War, with its location once again proving strategically valuable.

Today, Middlesex County continues to be a predominantly rural area. It is known for its scenic waterfront views, including the historic Christ Church located in Irvington. Although the county has seen changes and developments over the centuries, its rich history and connection to the early days of America still make it a fascinating part of Virginia's heritage.