Historical Marker

Virginia's First Shots in the Civil War

Historical marker location:
Gloucester Point, Virginia
( Marker can be reached from the intersection of Greate Road (Virginia Route 1208) and Franklin Road.)

  A brief timeline of the Civil War

  • April 12, 1861: The Civil War begins with the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter, located in South Carolina's Charleston Harbor.

  • April 15, 1861: President Abraham Lincoln issues a call for 75,000 volunteers to serve in the Union Army to suppress the rebellion.

  • May 24, 1861: The first major land battle, known as the First Battle of Bull Run (or First Battle of Manassas), takes place in Virginia. It ends in Confederate victory.

  • September 17, 1862: The Battle of Antietam in Maryland becomes the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with heavy casualties on both sides. The Union forces, commanded by General George McClellan, manage to halt Confederate General Robert E. Lee's advance into Union territory.

  • January 1, 1863: President Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation, declaring that all slaves in Confederate-held territories are to be set free. However, the proclamation does not immediately free all slaves in the United States.

  • July 1-3, 1863: The Battle of Gettysburg in Pennsylvania takes place, resulting in a significant Union victory and inflicting heavy casualties on Confederate forces. It marks a turning point in the war.

  • November 19, 1863: President Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address, emphasizing the principles of liberty, equality, and the preservation of the Union.

  • April 9, 1865: General Robert E. Lee surrenders to Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House in Virginia, effectively ending the Civil War.

  • April 14, 1865: President Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth while attending a play at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C.

  • May 10, 1865: Confederate President Jefferson Davis is captured, signaling the collapse of the Confederate government.

  • December 6, 1865: The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, officially abolishing slavery throughout the country.

While this timeline provides an overview of key events, it is important to note that the Civil War spanned over four years, from 1861 to 1865, and encompassed numerous battles, campaigns, and political developments that shaped the course of American history.

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Virginia random facts
Gloucester County, Virginia has a rich history that dates back to the early 1600s. Established in 1651, it is one of the oldest counties in the state. Originally inhabited by the Powhatan Native American tribe, the area became significant when English settlers arrived in Jamestown in 1607. These settlers expanded westward, establishing plantations along the York River. Gloucester County quickly became a major center for tobacco production and trade.

During the American Revolutionary War, Gloucester County played a significant role. The county was a hotbed of revolutionary sentiment, with many residents actively supporting the cause for independence. Built in 1774, the Court Green served as the center of government during the War. The Battle of the Hook, fought in 1781, took place in Gloucester County and was an important victory for the Continental Army.

In the early 19th century, Gloucester County experienced economic growth and cultural development. The county's prime location along the Chesapeake Bay and York River made it a hub for maritime trade and shipbuilding. Gloucester also became known for its several family-owned businesses and successful agricultural practices, including market gardening and fishing. The construction of the Severn River Bridge in 1929 connected Gloucester County to neighboring Mathews County and further facilitated economic growth.

In the 20th century, Gloucester County transitioned from its agricultural roots to a more diversified economy. The construction of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel in 1964 and the opening of the Coleman Bridge in 1952 provided easier access to the region, further facilitating growth. Today, Gloucester County is known for its historic charm, natural beauty, and strong community spirit. It continues to attract residents and visitors with its historical sites, recreational activities, and thriving local businesses.

This timeline provides a glimpse into the major events and milestones that have shaped the history of Gloucester County, Virginia.

  • 1651: Gloucester County, Virginia is established by the Virginia General Assembly.
  • 1676: Bacon's Rebellion, an armed rebellion against British colonial rule in Virginia, takes place in Gloucester County.
  • 1776: Gloucester County residents actively participate in the American Revolutionary War.
  • 1823: The Virginia General Assembly establishes the Gloucester Female Academy, later renamed the Gloucester Institute.
  • 1861-1865: During the American Civil War, Gloucester County is occupied by Union forces and becomes a staging area for military operations.
  • 1889: The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway is completed, bringing increased economic opportunities to Gloucester County.
  • 1926: The George P. Coleman Memorial Bridge, connecting Gloucester County to Yorktown, is completed.
  • 1973: The county seat of Gloucester County is relocated to Gloucester Courthouse.
  • 2003: Gloucester County celebrates its 350th anniversary.