Hood's Texas Brigade, C.S.A.
Historical marker location:Co. I, Fifth Texas Infantry Regt., Army of Northern Virginia, was raised here Aug. 1861, as "The Texas Aides" by Capt. J. B. Robertson.
Unit fought in many battles of Civil War--Gaines Mill, Second Manassas, Antietam, Gettysburg, Chickamauga and the Wilderness.
Robertson became brigadier general and succeeded Hood as Commander Oct. 1862. Replaced by Brigadier General John Gregg, Jan. 1864. Col. R. M. Powell later held post until end of the war.
The brigade surrendered at Appomatox, April 12, 1865, with 12% enlistees surviving. "Defeat could not dim their record."
April 12, 1861: The Civil War begins with the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter, located in South Carolina's Charleston Harbor.
April 15, 1861: President Abraham Lincoln issues a call for 75,000 volunteers to serve in the Union Army to suppress the rebellion.
May 24, 1861: The first major land battle, known as the First Battle of Bull Run (or First Battle of Manassas), takes place in Virginia. It ends in Confederate victory.
September 17, 1862: The Battle of Antietam in Maryland becomes the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with heavy casualties on both sides. The Union forces, commanded by General George McClellan, manage to halt Confederate General Robert E. Lee's advance into Union territory.
January 1, 1863: President Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation, declaring that all slaves in Confederate-held territories are to be set free. However, the proclamation does not immediately free all slaves in the United States.
July 1-3, 1863: The Battle of Gettysburg in Pennsylvania takes place, resulting in a significant Union victory and inflicting heavy casualties on Confederate forces. It marks a turning point in the war.
November 19, 1863: President Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address, emphasizing the principles of liberty, equality, and the preservation of the Union.
April 9, 1865: General Robert E. Lee surrenders to Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House in Virginia, effectively ending the Civil War.
April 14, 1865: President Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth while attending a play at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C.
May 10, 1865: Confederate President Jefferson Davis is captured, signaling the collapse of the Confederate government.
December 6, 1865: The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, officially abolishing slavery throughout the country.
While this timeline provides an overview of key events, it is important to note that the Civil War spanned over four years, from 1861 to 1865, and encompassed numerous battles, campaigns, and political developments that shaped the course of American history.
As one of the most visible programs of the Texas Historical Commission (THC), historical markers commemorate diverse topics in Texas history, including: the history and architecture of houses, commercial and public buildings, religious congregations, and military sites; events that changed the course of local and state history; and individuals who have made lasting contributions to the state, community organizations, and businesses.
The University of Texas at Austin, founded in 1883, is one of the largest universities in the United States and has produced many notable alumni, including several U.S. presidents.
In its early years, Washington County was primarily an agricultural community, with cotton being the main crop. Many German immigrants settled in the area and brought with them their farming expertise and traditions. These settlers played a crucial role in shaping the county's agricultural landscape and introducing a strong cultural influence that is still evident today.
During the Civil War, Washington County saw its fair share of conflict and upheaval. The county was divided in its loyalties, with some residents supporting the Confederacy while others opposed secession. The region experienced military occupation and witnessed battles and skirmishes, leaving a lasting impact on its residents.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Washington County transitioned from an agrarian economy to a more diversified one. With the arrival of the railroad, the county experienced a boost in commerce and industry. Businesses and services expanded, and the county's population grew as a result. Today, Washington County is known for its thriving agricultural industry, historical sites, and picturesque landscapes, attracting visitors from around the country.
Overall, Washington County, Texas has a storied past that reflects the broader history of the state. From its early origins as an agricultural community to its role in the Civil War and subsequent development, the county has played a significant part in shaping the growth and identity of Texas.
Washington County Timeline
This timeline provides a concise overview of the key events in the history of Washington County, Texas.
- 1834 - Washington County is organized as the first county in the Republic of Texas
- 1836 - The Battle of San Jacinto takes place, securing Texas independence
- 1838 - Washington-on-the-Brazos becomes the first capital of the Republic of Texas
- 1851 - Brenham is established as the county seat
- 1861 - Texas secedes from the Union and joins the Confederate States of America
- 1870 - The Houston and Texas Central Railroad reaches Brenham, boosting the local economy
- 1930s - The Great Depression impacts the agricultural industry in Washington County
- 1950 - Blue Bell Creameries is founded in Brenham
- 1972 - Washington-on-the-Brazos State Historic Site is established
- 1990s - Washington County experiences population growth and development