Historical Marker

Stephens County Courthouse

Historical marker location:
US 180, Breckenridge, Texas
( SE corner of courthouse square, US 180, Breckenridge.)
Marker installed: 1997
Marker size: 18" x 28"

This ornate doorway was main entrance of the three-story red sandstone courthouse built here in 1883. Carved into these columns are the names of architect J.E. Flanders, County Judge E.L. Walker, and three of four commissioners. The fourth was omitted because he objected to the cost of the construction. A large cistern at the rear of the building provided water for the town. When the oil boom of the 1920s attracted more people to this area, and the old structure was replaced by a larger courthouse in 1926, this portal was left as a reminder of the county's pioneer heritage

As one of the most visible programs of the Texas Historical Commission (THC), historical markers commemorate diverse topics in Texas history, including: the history and architecture of houses, commercial and public buildings, religious congregations, and military sites; events that changed the course of local and state history; and individuals who have made lasting contributions to the state, community organizations, and businesses.

buildings courthouses design and construction
Texas was once a part of Mexico but gained independence in 1836 after a famous battle at the Alamo.
Texas random facts
Stephens County, Texas, located in the central part of the state, has a rich history dating back thousands of years. The area was once inhabited by various Native American tribes, including the Comanche, Kiowa, and Lipan Apache peoples. These tribes relied on the abundant natural resources of the region, including the Brazos and Clear Fork rivers, for sustenance and trade.

European settlement in Stephens County began in the mid-19th century, when pioneers began to establish homesteads in the area. The county was officially created in 1858 and named after Alexander H. Stephens, a prominent politician and Vice President of the Confederate States of America. The first settlement in the area was Fort Davis, which served as protection against Native American raids and as a trading post.

The discovery of oil in the early 20th century brought significant economic growth to Stephens County. Oil fields were developed, attracting workers and transforming the county's economy. The town of Breckenridge, the county seat, became known as the "Oil Capital of the World" and experienced a boom in population and infrastructure development.

Throughout its history, Stephens County has faced challenges, including the Great Depression and the decline of the oil industry. However, the county has shown resilience and adaptability, diversifying its economy with industries such as agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism. Today, Stephens County continues to preserve its history and culture, with landmarks like the Stephens County Courthouse and annual events celebrating its heritage.

This timeline provides a condensed summary of the historical journey of Stephens County, Texas.

  • 1858 - Stephens County was created from parts of Bosque and Palo Pinto counties.
  • 1876 - The first settlers arrived in the area, attracted by its fertile land.
  • 1879 - The town of Breckenridge was founded and became the county seat.
  • 1880s - The county experienced rapid growth with the arrival of the Texas Central Railroad.
  • 1890s - The discovery of oil brought economic prosperity to the county.
  • 1919 - Stephens County experienced an oil boom, leading to increased population and wealth.
  • 1920s - The county's oil industry continued to grow, attracting more businesses and workers.
  • 1930s - The Great Depression and a decline in oil prices impacted the county's economy.
  • 1940s - Stephens County contributed to the war effort during World War II.
  • 1950s - Oil production rebounded, and the county experienced renewed prosperity.
  • 1980s - The county faced economic challenges due to fluctuations in the oil industry.
  • 1990s - The county diversified its economy, focusing on agriculture and tourism.
  • 2000s - Stephens County continued to attract visitors with its recreational opportunities.