Central National Road of the Republic of Texas
Historical marker location:In an effort to improve overland transportation, the Republic of Texas Congress authorized the Central National Road in Feb. 1844. The roadway was to be 30 feet wide and cleared of stumps over 12 inches high. A survey team led by Major George W. Stell platted the route from near the mouth of Elm Fork on the Trinity River in present downtown Dallas, northeast to Kiomatia on the Red River. The highway linked a road leading south to Austin and San Antonio with a U.S. military highway extending north to St. Louis from Fort Towson in present Oklahoma. Running east from Dallas, the Central National Road turned northeast to cross the area that is now Rockwall County. Portions of FM 740, known locally as Ridge Road, follow the historic route. The earliest Rockwall County pioneers settled near the road about 1846. Sterling R. Barnes located his homestead about two miles south of the present site of Rockwall, and John O. Heath settled near the crossing of the East Fork of the Trinity River. The towns of Heath, originally named "Black Hill" and later "Willow Springs," and Rockwall, the county seat, were founded along the highway. (1977)
- 1821: The Mexican War of Independence concludes, and Mexico gains independence from Spain. Texas is a part of the newly formed Republic of Mexico.
- 1824: The Mexican government establishes the Constitution of 1824, which grants certain rights to the Mexican states, including Texas.
- 1826: A group of American settlers, known as the Fredonian Rebellion, attempt to establish an independent state in Texas. The rebellion is short-lived and quickly suppressed by Mexican authorities.
- 1830: The Mexican government, concerned about the growing number of American settlers in Texas, passes the Law of April 6, 1830, which imposes restrictions on further American immigration to Texas.
- 1835: Tensions between American settlers and the Mexican government escalate, leading to the Texas Revolution. The Texian rebels, led by figures such as Stephen F. Austin and Sam Houston, engage in battles against Mexican forces.
- 1836: On March 2, the Texian delegates at the Convention of 1836 declare independence from Mexico and establish the Republic of Texas. Sam Houston is elected as the first President of Texas. The Battle of the Alamo takes place in February-March, where a small Texian garrison defends the Alamo Mission against a large Mexican army. Despite their defeat, the battle becomes a symbol of Texian resistance.
- 1836-1838: The Republic of Texas faces a series of military conflicts with Mexico, including the Goliad Massacre and the Battle of San Jacinto. The decisive Texian victory at San Jacinto secures their independence and captures Mexican General Santa Anna, who signs the Treaties of Velasco recognizing Texas as an independent nation.
- 1836-1845: The Republic of Texas operates as an independent nation, establishing a constitution, government, and capital at various locations including Washington-on-the-Brazos, Harrisburg, and eventually, Houston. Efforts to join the United States face opposition due to fears of potential conflict with Mexico.
- 1845: Texas agrees to annexation and becomes the 28th state of the United States on December 29, 1845, following approval by the U.S. Congress. This leads to the Mexican-American War in 1846.
As one of the most visible programs of the Texas Historical Commission (THC), historical markers commemorate diverse topics in Texas history, including: the history and architecture of houses, commercial and public buildings, religious congregations, and military sites; events that changed the course of local and state history; and individuals who have made lasting contributions to the state, community organizations, and businesses.
Texas is known for its barbecue, and one of the most famous barbecue restaurants in the state is Kreuz Market in Lockhart. The restaurant has been in operation since 1900 and is still family-owned.
In its early years, Rockwall County primarily relied on agriculture, with cotton being a significant crop. The arrival of the railroad in the late 1800s helped stimulate economic growth and opened up opportunities for trade and transportation. As the area developed further, it attracted new residents and businesses, bringing both prosperity and expansion.
Throughout the 20th century, Rockwall County continued to evolve with changing industries and demographics. The construction of Lake Ray Hubbard in the 1960s not only provided a new recreational area but also fueled the growth of tourism and real estate development in the region. Today, Rockwall County is known for its thriving local economy, excellent schools, and high quality of life.
The county has also seen significant population growth over the years, as more and more people are drawn to its close proximity to Dallas and its beautiful natural surroundings. Despite its growth, Rockwall County has managed to maintain its small-town charm and community-oriented atmosphere, making it an attractive place for families and businesses alike.
Rockwall County Timeline
This timeline provides a condensed summary of the historical journey of Rockwall County, Texas.
- 1846 - Rockwall County is established as one of the original 23 counties in the state of Texas.
- 1851 - The town of Rockwall is founded, becoming the county seat.
- 1873 - The arrival of the railroad brings growth and economic development to the county.
- 1895 - Rockwall County experiences a devastating tornado that causes significant damage and loss of life.
- 1920s - The advent of oil drilling in the area leads to increased economic prosperity.
- 1973 - Lake Ray Hubbard is impounded, providing a new recreational and water supply resource for the county.
- 1980s - The county experiences rapid population growth and suburbanization as people move to the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area.
- 2008 - The Harbor at Rockwall, a mixed-use development, opens on the shores of Lake Ray Hubbard, becoming a popular destination for shopping, dining, and entertainment.