Historical Marker

Seven Courthouses of Liberty County

Historical marker location:
1923 Sam Houston Ave., Liberty, Texas
( Courthouse lawn)
Marker size: 27" x 42"

The town of Liberty served as the seat of government for the municipality of Liberty, one of 23 territories in Texas established by Mexico in the 1830s. The first courthouse was erected here in 1831 and was made of hewn logs. Municipalities were converted into counties in 1836 when Texas won independence from Mexico; Liberty became the county seat of Liberty County.

Constructed in 1840, the second courthouse was a one-story frame house, with split cypress boards. A third courthouse, a two-story frame structure, was built on this Square in the mid-1840s and measured 32 feet by 40 feet. The first floor served as the courtroom.

Liberty County's fourth courthouse, completed by 1857, was fabricated of brick and financed primarily from the sale of land owned by the town of Liberty. Fire destroyed that courthouse in 1872. the fifth courthouse, also constructed of brick, was completed in 1877 but deteriorated rapidly and after only 18 years was condemned and removed from the Square.

Members of Liberty's Masonic Lodge laid the cornerstone for the sixth courthouse in 1895. The three-story structure was a popular local gathering place. The seventh courthouse, built of Texas Cordova cream limestone was completed in 1931 and enlarged in 1957

As one of the most visible programs of the Texas Historical Commission (THC), historical markers commemorate diverse topics in Texas history, including: the history and architecture of houses, commercial and public buildings, religious congregations, and military sites; events that changed the course of local and state history; and individuals who have made lasting contributions to the state, community organizations, and businesses.

law courthouses buildings
Texas does believe in a fair deal and clean politics
Molly Ivins in Fond Farewell
Liberty County, Texas, has a rich and diverse history that dates back to prehistoric times. The area was initially inhabited by various Native American tribes, including the Atakapa and Akokisa tribes. In the 18th century, European settlers began to arrive, with the Spanish establishing missions in the region.

The area now known as Liberty County was organized in 1831 when Mexico granted the land to Stephen F. Austin's colony. The city of Liberty, which eventually became the county seat, was established in 1831 as well. During the Texas Revolution, Liberty County played a significant role, with local residents actively supporting the cause of independence.

In the mid-19th century, Liberty County experienced rapid growth due to the arrival of settlers attracted to the region's fertile soil and natural resources. The discovery of oil in the early 20th century further fueled development and brought prosperity to the county. The oil boom led to an influx of people and increased economic activity, transforming the county's economy and landscape.

Throughout its history, Liberty County has faced challenges such as natural disasters, including hurricanes and floods, which have impacted the region. Despite these challenges, the county has thrived and continues to be an important part of Texas's cultural and economic fabric. Today, Liberty County is known for its historical landmarks, natural beauty, and vibrant communities that celebrate and preserve its rich heritage.

This timeline provides a glimpse into the major events and milestones that have shaped the history of Liberty County, Texas.

  • 1831 - Liberty County was established as a municipality of Mexico
  • 1835 - The Battle of Nacogdoches occurred during the Texas Revolution
  • 1836 - Texas declared independence from Mexico, leading to the formation of the Republic of Texas
  • 1846 - Liberty County became a part of the newly established state of Texas
  • 1854 - Liberty County's courthouse was constructed, which still stands today
  • 1861 - The American Civil War began, resulting in a significant impact on the county's economy
  • 1865 - The Civil War ended and Liberty County began the process of reconstruction
  • 1875 - The Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway reached Liberty County, spurring economic growth
  • 1900 - The Great Galveston Hurricane caused significant damage to Liberty County and the surrounding area
  • 1920s - Oil was discovered in Liberty County, leading to increased economic activity
  • 1937 - The Trinity River flood caused widespread devastation in Liberty County
  • 1950s - 1960s - The civil rights movement brought significant changes to Liberty County
  • 1983 - The San Jacinto River oil spill resulted in environmental damage
  • Present - Liberty County continues to thrive as a center for agriculture, oil, and natural gas industries