Smith-Carlton Adobe House
In 1873, Archie Smith, a former Buffalo Soldier in the 24th U.S. Infantry at Fort Davis, built a home on 160 acres near the base of Dolores Mountain using local materials. Native oak beams support the near-rectangular one-story adobe. A large room with a vaulted ceiling was a private chapel for Smith’s wife. It was also open to other denominations and Catholic masses before St. Joseph was built. In 1911, Emmett H. Carlton bought the property and built a new home, using the Smith house as a barn and stabilizing its walls with a lime plaster. Don and Vida Carlton occupied the house after restoring it in the early 1970s. The house is notable as the oldest home still in use as a residence in Fort Davis
As one of the most visible programs of the Texas Historical Commission (THC), historical markers commemorate diverse topics in Texas history, including: the history and architecture of houses, commercial and public buildings, religious congregations, and military sites; events that changed the course of local and state history; and individuals who have made lasting contributions to the state, community organizations, and businesses.
The Texas Rangers, a famous law enforcement agency, were first organized in 1835 to protect settlers from Native American attacks.
The county was officially established on March 15, 1887, and was named in honor of Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederacy during the American Civil War. Early settlers faced numerous challenges including rugged terrain, harsh weather conditions, and conflicts with Native American tribes. However, the area's rich natural resources, including fertile land and abundant water sources, attracted more settlers and contributed to the economic growth of the county.
With the arrival of the Southern Pacific Railroad in 1882, the county experienced a period of growth and development. This led to the establishment of the county seat, Fort Davis, which became a vibrant hub of commerce, trade, and military presence. Fort Davis, named after the former Secretary of War and President of the Confederate States, Jefferson Davis, played a significant role in protecting settlers from Native American raids during the late 19th century.
Throughout the 20th century, Jeff Davis County continued to evolve, with the development of agriculture, ranching, and tourism industries. The county's rich natural beauty, including the Chihuahuan Desert and the stunning vistas of the Davis Mountains, attracted visitors and outdoor enthusiasts. Today, Jeff Davis County remains a unique blend of natural beauty, historical significance, and cultural diversity, making it an intriguing destination for those seeking a glimpse into the rich heritage and captivating landscapes of the American Southwest.
Jeff Davis County Timeline
This timeline provides a condensed summary of the historical journey of Jeff Davis County, Texas.
- 1881: Jeff Davis County is established on March 15.
- 1882: The town of Fort Davis becomes the county seat.
- 1884: The county courthouse is completed.
- 1890: The population of Jeff Davis County is 883.
- 1911: The Alamito Creek Reservation is established.
- 1929: Oil is discovered in the county, leading to increased economic activity.
- 1930: The population of Jeff Davis County is 3,937.
- 1942: The Fort Davis National Historic Site is established.
- 1963: Davis Mountains State Park opens.
- 1992: The population of Jeff Davis County is 1,863.
- 2003: The Madera Wind Farm begins operation.