Historical Marker

The Buffalo Soldiers and Indian Hot Springs

Historical marker location:
Sierra Blanca, Texas
( Indian Springs FM 1111 31 miles S. of Sierra Blanca)
Marker installed: 1988
Marker size: 27" x 42"

The natural hot springs in this area have been used for centuries by people seeking curative waters. Known as Indian hot Springs, they were used by generations of nomadic Indian tribes.

Following the Civil War, the U.S. army established several regiments of black soldiers, including the 10th Cavalry. Called "buffalo soldiers", by their Indian adversaries, the soldiers conducted numerous scouting and mapping expeditions in this region.

Pursuing raiding bands of Mescalero Apache Indians, members of the 10th Cavalry were sent to guard water holes and river crossings known to be frequented by the Indians. At dawn on October 28, 1880, soldiers of companies B and K were attacked on a ridge near this site by Apaches. Although official and contemporary accounts of the battle vary, at least five buffalo soldiers were reported slain in the attack and were buried where they fell. They were: Carter Burns, George Mills, William Backus, Jeremiah Griffin, and James Stanley. Two soldiers, Scott Graves and Thomas Rach, were reported missing. Their bodies were said to have been found and buried with their comrades weeks later. The seven graves were relocated in this vicinity in the 1960s

As one of the most visible programs of the Texas Historical Commission (THC), historical markers commemorate diverse topics in Texas history, including: the history and architecture of houses, commercial and public buildings, religious congregations, and military sites; events that changed the course of local and state history; and individuals who have made lasting contributions to the state, community organizations, and businesses.

African American water topics military topics Native American
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Hudspeth County, located in the western part of Texas, has a rich and diverse history. The first recorded human habitation in this area dates back thousands of years with the presence of Native American tribes such as the Apache and Comanche. These tribes relied on the region's resources, such as water from the Rio Grande and wildlife, for sustenance.

In the 16th century, Spanish explorers made their way into the area, establishing missions and trading posts. The Spanish presence in Hudspeth County continued until Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821. After the independence of Texas from Mexico in 1836, this area became part of the Republic of Texas.

The construction of railroads in the late 19th century brought significant changes to the region. The Southern Pacific Railroad laid tracks through Hudspeth County, leading to the establishment of towns such as Sierra Blanca, the county seat. The railroad facilitated transportation of goods and people, promoting economic development in the area.

Hudspeth County's history also includes its role as a frontier for law enforcement. In the early 20th century, the lawlessness of nearby areas, such as the infamous Mexican revolution, spilled over into Hudspeth. This led to conflicts with cattle rustlers and bandits, forcing law-abiding citizens to rely on local law enforcement to maintain peace and order.

Today, Hudspeth County reflects its historical roots while adapting to the modern world. The county's unique geography, historical landmarks, and rich cultural heritage continue to attract visitors, making it a destination that celebrates its past while embracing the future.

This timeline provides a concise overview of the key events in the history of Hudspeth County, Texas.

  • 1850s - Hudspeth County is inhabited by Native American tribes including the Mescalero Apache and Comanche.
  • 1852 - Fort Quitman is established as a military post to protect travelers along the San Antonio-El Paso Road.
  • 1870s - Settlers begin to arrive in the area, attracted by opportunities for farming and ranching.
  • 1879 - Hudspeth County is officially formed, named after Claude Benton Hudspeth, a prominent Texas legislator.
  • 1880s - The construction of the Southern Pacific Railroad brings further growth and development to the region.
  • 1902 - Sierra Blanca is designated as the county seat.
  • 1930s - The Great Depression and drought take a toll on the local economy, causing many residents to leave.
  • 1950s - The establishment of the Hudspeth County Underground Water Conservation District supports agricultural water needs.
  • 1980s - Hudspeth County becomes a popular area for filming movies and television shows.
  • 1990s - Increased border security due to drug trafficking impacts the county's relationship with neighboring Mexico.