Louisiana-Rio Grande Canal Company Irrigation System
a.k.a. Hidalgo County Irrigation District No. 2
S. 2nd St. at River Levee, Hidalgo, TXThe period of significance extends from John Closner's construction of the first portion of the canal system, in 1904, through the great freeze of 1949 that effectively ended citrus' unchallenged supremacy in the valley. Because the 1949 end date represents a logical break in the history of the irrigation system and its operation, an exception to the 50-year age limit for National Register eligibility is justified.
When completed, the canal system extended over a 17-mile range throughout the valley and brought water to approximately 45,000 acres of formerly arid land (Norton and Brown, 1988:2). Except for Lateral D, which was removed for a road through the valley, the canals still water much of the original 45,000-acre tract. Today, Hidalgo County Irrigation District No. 2 operates the second-lift pumphouse and irrigation system that the Louisiana-Rio Grande Canal Company built. The second-lift pumphouse is equipped with modern machinery but many original features of the early pumping station survive. The City of Hidalgo owns the first-lift pumphouse on the banks of the Rio Grande. The building and early machinery are being restored for public interpretation. The pumphouses and canals vividly represent the historic means by which the Lower Rio Grande Valley was transformed from a sparsely populated ranching and subsistence-level farming community to a thriving truck and citrus production and processing region through irrigation. With their towering brick smokestacks, the pumphouses are a particularly evocative symbol of the agricultural transformation that revolutionized the life and economy of the entire Lower Rio Grande Valley from the 1910s through the 1940s. Former arid ranch land was promoted as the "Magic Valley" throughout the country. In addition, the first-lift pumphouse contains the valley's only surviving historic irrigation machinery. The first-lift pumphouse is also eligible for listing as an outstanding industrial interpretation of Mission Revival architecture and for its rare surviving irrigation machinery.
Listed in National Register of Historic Places in 1995.
The National Register of Historic Places is the official list of the Nation’s historic places worthy of preservation. Authorized by the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, the National Park Service’s National Register of Historic Places is part of a national program to coordinate and support public and private efforts to identify, evaluate, and protect America’s historic and archeological resources.
In the 16th century, Spanish explorers arrived in the region, bringing new settlers and establishing missions. During this time, the land belonged to Spain and was considered a part of New Spain. The Spanish influence can still be seen today in the names of many cities and landmarks in Hidalgo County.
In the 19th century, Mexico gained independence from Spain and Hidalgo County became part of the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. However, with the Texas Revolution in 1836, the region became a part of the Republic of Texas and was eventually incorporated into the United States with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848.
During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Hidalgo County experienced significant growth due to the expansion of the railroad industry and the development of irrigation techniques. This led to the establishment of prosperous agricultural communities, with cotton being the main cash crop. Over time, the population became increasingly diverse, with a mix of Mexican, Anglo-American, and other immigrant communities.
Today, Hidalgo County is a thriving region known for its vibrant culture, strong agricultural industry, and close proximity to the US-Mexico border. It is home to cities such as McAllen and Edinburg, as well as popular tourist attractions like the Santa Ana National Wildlife Refuge and the International Museum of Art and Science. The county continues to evolve, with a growing population and a dynamic economy driven by healthcare, education, manufacturing, and international trade.
Hidalgo County Timeline
This timeline provides a condensed summary of the historical journey of Hidalgo County, Texas.
- 1749 - The area that is now Hidalgo County is explored by Spanish explorers.
- 1767 - The Spanish government establishes a settlement called Reynosa in the area.
- 1821 - Mexico gains independence from Spain, and Hidalgo County becomes a part of Mexico.
- 1836 - Texas declares independence from Mexico, and Hidalgo County becomes a part of the Republic of Texas.
- 1848 - The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is signed, ending the Mexican-American War, and Hidalgo County becomes a part of the United States.
- 1852 - Hidalgo County is officially established as a county in the state of Texas.
- 1909 - The city of McAllen is founded.
- 1944 - The Hidalgo County Courthouse, a historic landmark, is completed.
- 1954 - The Hidalgo County Water Improvement District No. 4 is created to provide irrigation and drainage services.
- 1970 - The population of Hidalgo County reaches over 200,000.
- 2001 - The new Hidalgo County Administration Building opens.