Historic Courthouse

Hemphill County Courthouse

Canadian, Texas

Built in 1887.

The Texas Historical Commission's (THC) nationally recognized and award-winning Texas Historic Courthouse Preservation Program (THCPP) has turned around the trend of disrepair and begun restoring these treasured historic landmarks. Texas has more historic courthouses than any other state. Today more than 240 courthouses still stand that are least 50 years old. About 80 were built before the turn of the 20th century. By the end of that century, most of these structures were significantly deteriorated due to inadequate maintenance, insensitive modifications or weather related damage. The Texas Historical Commission (THC) documented the condition of 50 of the state’s oldest courthouses in the late 1990s and determined that counties lacked the resources to preserve the buildings for future generations.

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The cattle industry played a significant role in the development of Texas, with cowboys driving cattle from Texas to railheads in Kansas during the late 1800s and early 1900s.
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Hemphill County is located in the Panhandle region of Texas and has a rich history that dates back to prehistoric times. The area was initially inhabited by Native American tribes, including the Apache, Comanche, and Kiowa. These tribes thrived in the region for thousands of years, relying on the vast grasslands and abundant wildlife for sustenance.

In the early 19th century, European settlers began moving into the area, attracted by the fertile land and opportunities for ranching. Hemphill County was officially established in 1876, named after John Hemphill, a former Chief Justice of the Texas Supreme Court. The county played a significant role in Texas' cattle industry, with large ranches dominating the landscape. The arrival of the railroad in the late 1800s further contributed to the county's growth and economic development.

The county experienced some hardships over the years, including droughts, economic downturns, and challenges associated with World War II. However, it managed to persevere and adapt to the changing times. In recent years, Hemphill County has diversified its economy beyond ranching and agriculture, embracing other industries such as oil and gas exploration and wind energy production.

Today, Hemphill County continues to honor its Western heritage and is home to the Canadian River Valley Pioneer Museum, which showcases the history and culture of the region. With its scenic landscapes, vibrant communities, and historical significance, Hemphill County remains an important part of Texas' story.

This timeline provides a condensed summary of the historical journey of Hemphill County, Texas.

  • 1876 - Hemphill County is created by the Texas state legislature.
  • 1887 - Canadian becomes the county seat of Hemphill County.
  • 1890 - The first newspaper, the Hemphill County News, is published in Canadian.
  • 1901 - The Panhandle-Plains Land Bank is established in Canadian.
  • 1909 - The first courthouse in Canadian is completed.
  • 1928 - The first oil well is drilled in Hemphill County.
  • 1941-1945 - Hemphill County contributes to the war effort during World War II.
  • 1960s - The oil industry experiences a boom in Hemphill County.
  • 1995 - The Canadian River Municipal Water Authority is formed.
  • 2010 - Hemphill County celebrates its 100th anniversary.