Juanita Craft House
Juanita Jewel (Shanks) Craft (1902-1985) was born in Round Rock and attended
schools there and in Austin before earning certificates from Prairie View and
Samuel Huston Colleges. She joined the Dallas Branch of the National
Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1935 and became a
pivotal NAACP civil rights organizer, childrens advocate, public servant and
humanitarian. From 1950 until her death, she lived here, hosting
nationally-known politicians and civil rights leaders, including Thurgood
Marshall and Roy Wilkins. In the 1950s, artists such as Duke Ellington and
Marian Anderson stayed in her home when touring Jim Crow Dallas.
This craftsman-style bungalow was built in 1925 in Wheatley Place Addition,
just south of Wheatley Place, one of Dallas first residential subdivisions
developed exclusively for African American families. This area has been home to
a remarkable community of educators, political reformers, musicians, artists
and entrepreneurs. This house was a nexus for community mobilizations, social
justice activism and political campaigns on local, state and national levels.
As advisor to the South Dallas NAACP Youth Council, Juanita Craft shaped
generations of youth from this house and on annual summer trips across the
nation. Her backyard was the setting for countless barbeques bringing citizens
from all communities together to address the issues of the day.
The ability to surmount cultural, ethnic and social barriers and gather people
together on the common field of their humanity was Juanita Crafts special
gift. One of Dallas most beloved public figures, she bequeathed this home and
an extensive historical estate to the public, so that future generations could
come to understand the importance of service to community and nation.
Recorded Texas Historic Landmark - 2010
SUPPLEMENTAL PLAQUE: "I had no children, so I adopted the world."
As one of the most visible programs of the Texas Historical Commission (THC), historical markers commemorate diverse topics in Texas history, including: the history and architecture of houses, commercial and public buildings, religious congregations, and military sites; events that changed the course of local and state history; and individuals who have made lasting contributions to the state, community organizations, and businesses.
The first oil well in the United States was drilled in Texas in 1859. The discovery of oil transformed the economy of the state and helped to make Texas one of the wealthiest states in the nation.
Established in 1846, Dallas County played a crucial role in the development of North Texas. The county's namesake, George Mifflin Dallas, was the Vice President of the United States at the time. The city of Dallas, the county seat, quickly emerged as a center for trade and commerce due to its strategic location along major transportation routes.
During the late 19th century, Dallas County experienced rapid economic growth driven by industries such as cotton, railroads, and cattle. The city of Dallas became a major hub for cotton trading, attracting business and establishing itself as a prominent financial center in the Southwest.
In the 20th century, Dallas County continued to evolve and diversify its economy. The discovery of oil in the nearby East Texas Oil Field in the early 1900s led to the development of the oil industry in the region, contributing to the county's prosperity. The county also played a significant role in the aerospace industry, hosting the headquarters of major aerospace companies and contributing to the growth of aviation technology.
Dallas County's cultural landscape reflects its vibrant and diverse population. The county is home to a wide range of cultural institutions, including museums, art galleries, theaters, and music venues. Dallas County also played a notable role in the civil rights movement, with important milestones in the fight for equality and integration.
Today, Dallas County stands as a major economic and cultural center. It boasts a robust economy supported by various industries, including finance, technology, healthcare, and telecommunications. The county is known for its thriving arts scene, professional sports teams, and diverse culinary offerings.
With its rich history, economic vitality, and cultural significance, Dallas County continues to shape North Texas as a dynamic and influential region.
Dallas County Timeline
This timeline provides a concise overview of the key events in the history of Dallas County, Texas.
Pre-19th Century: The area was originally inhabited by various indigenous tribes, including the Caddo, Wichita, and Comanche.
1839: Dallas County was officially established and named after George Mifflin Dallas, the Vice President of the United States under President James K. Polk.
Mid-19th Century: Dallas County experienced significant growth with the establishment of Dallas as a trading post and the arrival of settlers drawn by the opportunities in trade and agriculture.
Late 1800s: The county prospered with the expansion of railroads, particularly the Texas and Pacific Railway and the Houston and Texas Central Railroad, which solidified Dallas as a major transportation hub.
Early 20th Century: Dallas County saw a surge in economic development and urbanization. Industries such as oil, cotton, banking, and manufacturing fueled the city's growth.
1960s: Dallas County gained national attention due to its role in the civil rights movement. The city of Dallas was the site of the assassination of President John F. Kennedy in 1963.
Late 20th Century: Dallas County continued to experience rapid growth and diversification, becoming a major center for business, finance, and telecommunications. The county is known for its vibrant arts and cultural scene, including the Dallas Arts District.
Today, Dallas County is the second-most populous county in Texas and home to the city of Dallas, a thriving metropolitan area.