Historical Marker

Gainesville National Bank

Historical marker location:
100 E. California St., Gainesville, Texas
( at northeast corner of bank building)
Marker installed: 2001
Marker size: 18" x 28"

In this block on October 21, 1882, prominent citizens and landowners J. M. Lindsay and C. C. Hemming founded Gainesville National Bank (GNB). Over the next decades, Gainesville evolved from a frontier town to a thriving community and a financial center for the cattle and cotton industries. In 1902, Judge Lindsay opened the Lindsay National Bank as a branch of GNB. As an immediate result of the federal banking crisis in 1933, First National Bank, Lindsay National Bank and GNB merged, going forward as Gainesville National Bank. An integral part of Cooke County's economic history, the financial institution made additional acquisitions over the years and has been known as Guaranty National Bank since 1990. (2001)

As one of the most visible programs of the Texas Historical Commission (THC), historical markers commemorate diverse topics in Texas history, including: the history and architecture of houses, commercial and public buildings, religious congregations, and military sites; events that changed the course of local and state history; and individuals who have made lasting contributions to the state, community organizations, and businesses.

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Cooke County, located in North Texas, has a rich history that dates back to the mid-19th century. The area was originally home to various Native American tribes, including the Comanche and Tonkawa, who were later displaced by European settlers. In 1840, the infamous Battle of Stone Houses took place in Cooke County, between Republic of Texas forces and Native American tribes. This marked a turning point in the area's settlement, paving the way for further colonization.

The county was officially established in 1848 and named after William G. Cooke, a lawyer and military figure. Soon after its formation, settlers began to arrive, attracted by fertile land and the promise of prosperity. Agriculture, particularly cotton farming, became the backbone of the local economy. Additionally, the arrival of the Texas and Pacific Railway in the late 19th century led to further growth and development in Cooke County.

During the Civil War, Cooke County played a significant role. Many local men enlisted in the Confederate Army and participated in various battles. The county also experienced conflicts between Union and Confederate sympathizers, leading to tension and violence within the community.

After the war, Cooke County continued to thrive, with the establishment of schools, churches, and businesses. The county seat, Gainesville, grew rapidly and became an important regional center. Today, Cooke County boasts a blend of rural beauty and urban amenities, with a diverse economy that includes agriculture, manufacturing, healthcare, and education. The county's rich history and vibrant community continue to shape its present and future.

This timeline provides a concise overview of the key events in the history of Cooke County, Texas.

  • 1848 - Cooke County is established by the Texas state legislature.
  • 1850 - The first courthouse is built in the county's original seat, Bulcher.
  • 1857 - Gainesville becomes the new county seat, and the courthouse is relocated there.
  • 1861-1865 - Cooke County residents actively participate in the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War.
  • 1875 - The Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railway reaches Gainesville, leading to increased economic development.
  • 1879 - The notorious Sam Bass and his gang stage the first train robbery in the state of Texas near Round Rock, resulting in their eventual capture in Cook County.
  • 1880s-1890s - Cotton production booms in Cooke County, making it one of the wealthiest areas in the state.
  • 1927 - The historic Bridge Street in Gainesville is paved, becoming the first street in Texas with a state highway designation.
  • 1930s - The Great Depression leads to a decline in the local economy and agricultural industry.
  • 1960s - Interstate 35 is constructed through Gainesville, bringing improved transportation and economic opportunities.
  • 2000s - Cooke County experiences steady population growth and becomes a popular destination for outdoor recreational activities.