Gainesville-Fort Sill Road
Historical marker location:The U.S. Cavalry constructed roads to improve logistical routes in the west during the 19th century. Henry O. Flipper, the first African American graduate of West Point, was an officer in the Tenth Cavalry regiment “Buffalo Soldiers” at Fort Sill, Indian Territory (Oklahoma). By late 1879, Fort Sill required a more significant railroad town than nearby Caddo Station, and the Army placed Flipper in command of building a road from Fort Sill to Gainesville. Two years later, the railroad reached Henrietta and replaced Gainesville as a Fort Sill supply town. Nevertheless, the construction of the Gainesville-Fort Sill Road is a historic example of the Buffalo Soldiers’ contributions to the west’s economic development. (2006)
As one of the most visible programs of the Texas Historical Commission (THC), historical markers commemorate diverse topics in Texas history, including: the history and architecture of houses, commercial and public buildings, religious congregations, and military sites; events that changed the course of local and state history; and individuals who have made lasting contributions to the state, community organizations, and businesses.
Texas was once a part of Mexico but gained independence in 1836 after a famous battle at the Alamo.
The county was officially established in 1848 and named after William G. Cooke, a lawyer and military figure. Soon after its formation, settlers began to arrive, attracted by fertile land and the promise of prosperity. Agriculture, particularly cotton farming, became the backbone of the local economy. Additionally, the arrival of the Texas and Pacific Railway in the late 19th century led to further growth and development in Cooke County.
During the Civil War, Cooke County played a significant role. Many local men enlisted in the Confederate Army and participated in various battles. The county also experienced conflicts between Union and Confederate sympathizers, leading to tension and violence within the community.
After the war, Cooke County continued to thrive, with the establishment of schools, churches, and businesses. The county seat, Gainesville, grew rapidly and became an important regional center. Today, Cooke County boasts a blend of rural beauty and urban amenities, with a diverse economy that includes agriculture, manufacturing, healthcare, and education. The county's rich history and vibrant community continue to shape its present and future.
Cooke County Timeline
This timeline provides a concise overview of the key events in the history of Cooke County, Texas.
- 1848 - Cooke County is established by the Texas state legislature.
- 1850 - The first courthouse is built in the county's original seat, Bulcher.
- 1857 - Gainesville becomes the new county seat, and the courthouse is relocated there.
- 1861-1865 - Cooke County residents actively participate in the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War.
- 1875 - The Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railway reaches Gainesville, leading to increased economic development.
- 1879 - The notorious Sam Bass and his gang stage the first train robbery in the state of Texas near Round Rock, resulting in their eventual capture in Cook County.
- 1880s-1890s - Cotton production booms in Cooke County, making it one of the wealthiest areas in the state.
- 1927 - The historic Bridge Street in Gainesville is paved, becoming the first street in Texas with a state highway designation.
- 1930s - The Great Depression leads to a decline in the local economy and agricultural industry.
- 1960s - Interstate 35 is constructed through Gainesville, bringing improved transportation and economic opportunities.
- 2000s - Cooke County experiences steady population growth and becomes a popular destination for outdoor recreational activities.