Frederick Douglass Elementary School
For nearly a century, this site served African-American school children of Palestine’s Old Town Community. The school board established the “First Ward School for Coloreds” in 1875. James m. McMeans was the first principal, and Jurlee Sims-Lee and Alex Vincent were the first teachers. In 1889, a $2,000 frame building replaced the original schoolhouse. The Palestine school board changed the school’s name to Frederick Douglass Elementary School in 1898, following the death of the prominent civil rights leader. A 1912 fire destroyed the Douglass School, and classes were held temporarily at Mt. Vernon Methodist Church until a new brick schoolhouse was completed on the original site.
The Douglass School housed first through sixth grade. Twice a year, the school hosted meetings of the city teachers’ association, an organization of African-American teachers. General assemblies were held each Friday, with students presenting programs in the form of singing, storytelling, poetry reading and spelling bees. Each class contributed to the Douglass School display for the Anderson County fair each october. Three generations of the Freeman family served as Douglass School principals: William (1901-09), Byron (1927-42, 1945-57) and Jack (1957-67). In May 1967, the school board announced that Douglass School would be closed permanently at the end of the school year. Teachers and students were reassigned to other schools in the district. The school building was then used for a variety of small businesses before being torn down in the 1980s. Douglass School has the distinction of being the only public school built in the old town neighborhood. For generations in Palestine, it operated as an educational, social and community center.
(2009)
As one of the most visible programs of the Texas Historical Commission (THC), historical markers commemorate diverse topics in Texas history, including: the history and architecture of houses, commercial and public buildings, religious congregations, and military sites; events that changed the course of local and state history; and individuals who have made lasting contributions to the state, community organizations, and businesses.
Texas is known for its barbecue, and one of the most famous barbecue restaurants in the state is Kreuz Market in Lockhart. The restaurant has been in operation since 1900 and is still family-owned.
The county's economy flourished with the arrival of immigrants from the United States and Europe, who established plantations and worked in the timber industry. The town of Palestine, the county seat, developed as a vibrant agricultural center, known for its cotton production. The construction of railroads in the late 19th century further boosted the county's economic growth. However, Anderson County also had its share of challenges.
Like many other areas of Texas, it witnessed tensions and conflicts during the American Civil War, with some residents supporting the Union and others the Confederacy. Reconstruction was a difficult period for the county, as it endured economic decline and political instability.
In the 20th century, Anderson County experienced significant changes and modernization. The discovery of oil reserves in the early 1930s brought economic prosperity to the region. The establishment of the Texas Department of Corrections in the county in 1849 also played a major role in shaping the county's history, as it became home to several state prisons and correctional facilities. Today, Anderson County is known for its diverse economy, including agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism.
The region's rich history is evident in its numerous historic sites and landmarks, making it a fascinating destination for those interested in Texas history and culture.
Anderson County Timeline
This timeline provides a concise overview of the key events in the history of Anderson County, Texas.
- 1836: Anderson County is established on March 24, 1836, as one of the original counties of the Republic of Texas.
- 1838: The town of Palestine is established as the county seat of Anderson County.
- 1861-1865: During the American Civil War, the county's economy is severely affected, and many locals serve in the Confederate Army.
- Late 1800s: The arrival of the railroad in Palestine brings growth and development to Anderson County, making it an important transportation hub.
- Early 1900s: The discovery of oil in the area leads to an economic boom, with various oil fields and refineries being established.
- 1930-1940: The Great Depression and the drought of the 1930s bring significant challenges to Anderson County, leading to decreased economic activity and population decrease.
- Late 20th century: Anderson County experiences shifts in its economy with the decline of the oil industry. Agriculture becomes an important sector, with the county known for its timber, poultry, and cattle production.
- 2000s: Anderson County continues to strive for economic growth and development, focusing on diversified industries, including manufacturing, retail, and healthcare.