National Register Listing

Cumberland Gap Historic District

Roughly bounded by Colwyn, Cumberland, Pennlyn, and the L & N Railroad tracks, Cumberland Gap, TN
Local significance of the district:
Industry; Commerce; Architecture

Listed in National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

The National Register of Historic Places is the official list of the Nation’s historic places worthy of preservation. Authorized by the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, the National Park Service’s National Register of Historic Places is part of a national program to coordinate and support public and private efforts to identify, evaluate, and protect America’s historic and archeological resources.

Tennessee is home to the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, one of the most visited national parks in the United States. The park covers over 500,000 acres and attracts millions of visitors each year.
Tennessee random facts
Claiborne County, located in eastern Tennessee, has a rich history that dates back to the prehistoric era. The area was originally inhabited by Native American tribes, including the Cherokee, who established villages along the Tennessee River and its tributaries. European settlers began to arrive in the late 1700s, and in 1801, Claiborne County was officially established, named after the first governor of the Mississippi Territory, William C. C. Claiborne.

During the early 19th century, Claiborne County played a significant role in the development of the American frontier. The completion of the Cumberland Gap Road in 1803, connecting the region to the rest of the country, led to an influx of settlers and the growth of local industries, such as farming, logging, and mining. The county became a prime location for lead and zinc mining, with several mining towns sprouting up throughout the area.

The Civil War had a profound impact on Claiborne County. As a border county, it experienced significant conflict throughout the war, with both Union and Confederate forces vying for control. The Battle of Tazewell in 1862 was a notable engagement that took place in the county, resulting in a Union victory. The war brought devastating consequences to the region, including widespread destruction and loss of life.

In the 20th century, Claiborne County underwent economic and social changes. With the decline of mining activities, the county's economy shifted towards agriculture and manufacturing. The construction of Norris Dam on the Clinch River in the 1930s brought jobs and economic opportunities to the area. Today, Claiborne County remains a picturesque region, known for its natural beauty, historical sites, and vibrant community.

This timeline provides a concise overview of the key events in the history of Claiborne County, Tennessee.

  • 1801 - Claiborne County is formed from parts of Grainger and Hawkins counties.
  • 1804 - The county seat is established in Tazewell.
  • 1838 - The county experiences increased settlement due to the completion of the Cumberland Gap Turnpike.
  • 1849 - Claiborne County establishes a public school system.
  • 1861-1865 - During the Civil War, Claiborne County sees military engagements and Union occupation.
  • 1899 - The Claiborne County Courthouse, located in Tazewell, is completed.
  • 1933 - Construction of Norris Dam begins, which will later contribute to the economic growth of the county.
  • 1954 - Claiborne County's population surpasses 20,000.
  • 1971 - The Cumberland Gap Tunnel is completed, providing easier access to other parts of Kentucky and Virginia.
  • 1999 - The Claiborne County Historical Museum is established in Tazewell.