National Register Listings in

Lancaster County, South Carolina

Lancaster County, located in the Piedmont region of South Carolina, has a rich and diverse history that dates back thousands of years. The Catawba Native American tribe was one of the first known inhabitants of the area, with evidence of their presence stretching back over 10,000 years. European settlement began in the late 18th century, with Scotch-Irish, English, and German immigrants establishing homesteads along the Catawba River.

During the American Revolution, Lancaster County played a significant role in the fight for independence. The area was a hotbed of patriot activity, and several key figures, such as Major William Richardson Davie, were from the area. The Battle of Hanging Rock, fought in present-day Lancaster County, was a pivotal moment in the Revolutionary War in the South.

The growth and development of Lancaster County continued after the Revolutionary War. Agriculture, particularly cotton cultivation, became the dominant industry, and the county was one of the largest cotton producers in the South. Slavery was an integral part of the agricultural economy, and many large plantations were established during this time.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Lancaster County went through various economic changes. The decline of cotton as a cash crop and the industrialization of the textile industry led to a shift in the local economy. Textile mills sprang up throughout the county, providing employment opportunities for the growing population. Lancaster County continues to be influenced by its agricultural and industrial roots while also adapting to the changing economic landscape.