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Florence County, located in the northeastern part of South Carolina, has a rich history that dates back to prehistoric times. The area was originally inhabited by various Native American tribes, including the Pee Dee and Cheraw tribes. European exploration and settlement began in the early 18th century, with the arrival of traders and settlers from England and Scotland.

In 1888, Florence County was formally established after being carved out of neighboring Darlington County. The city of Florence, which would become the county seat, was incorporated in 1890. Early economic development in the county was driven by agriculture, particularly cotton farming, and the construction of railroads, which connected the region to larger markets.

The history of Florence County is marked by key events that reflect the broader historical context of the South. During the Civil War, the county witnessed significant military action, including the Battle of Florence in 1865. The war brought destruction and hardships, but the area gradually recovered in the postwar years.

In the 20th century, Florence County experienced growth and diversification in its economy. The rise of manufacturing, particularly in textiles and tobacco, brought about industrialization and increased employment opportunities. Over time, the county evolved into a regional center for healthcare, education, and cultural activities, with institutions like McLeod Regional Medical Center and Francis Marion University playing vital roles in the community.

Today, Florence County continues to thrive as a vibrant and dynamic part of South Carolina. Its history can be seen through its architecture, museums, and landmarks, preserving the legacy of its past while embracing the opportunities of the present and future.