National Register Listings in

Colleton County, South Carolina

Colleton County, situated along the coast of South Carolina, has a rich and diverse history that dates back thousands of years. The area was originally inhabited by indigenous tribes such as the Edisto, Combahee, and Ashepoo, who relied on the region's abundant natural resources for their livelihoods. European exploration of the area began in the 16th century, with Spanish and French explorers making contact with the native populations.

In the 17th and 18th centuries, Colleton County became an important center for plantation agriculture. Large-scale rice and indigo plantations were established by English settlers, who imported enslaved Africans to work the land. The labor-intensive production of rice and indigo brought wealth to the area and shaped the social and economic dynamics of the county. However, these plantations were often sites of harsh conditions and suffering for the enslaved population.

During the American Revolution, many residents of Colleton County were divided in their loyalties. Some supported the rebellion against British rule, while others remained loyal to the Crown. The area witnessed several skirmishes and battles, including the Battle of Tulifinny in 1779. After the war, Colleton County saw a decline in plantation agriculture as the demand for indigo and rice waned.

In the 19th and 20th centuries, Colleton County experienced economic shifts and social changes. The arrival of the railroad in the late 19th century enabled the county to connect with nearby cities and industries, leading to the growth of towns like Walterboro. The county also played a significant role in the Civil Rights Movement, with African Americans advocating for desegregation and equal rights. Today, Colleton County continues to preserve its history through museums, historic sites, and cultural events that highlight its diverse heritage.