Ross Leffler School of Conservation

Jefferson County, Pennsylvania, has a rich and vibrant history that stretches back to its earliest settlement. The area was originally inhabited by Native American tribes, including the Iroquois Confederacy, who hunted and fished in the region. European settlers arrived in the late 18th century, with Colonel Ancil D. Anderson establishing the first permanent settlement, known as Jefferson, in 1804.

During the early years of its development, Jefferson County experienced significant growth and economic expansion. The discovery of valuable natural resources, such as coal and timber, fueled the establishment and growth of industries. The construction of canals and railroads in the mid-19th century further facilitated the transportation of goods and boosted the local economy.

Jefferson County played a significant role during the American Civil War. The area saw several skirmishes and battles, including the Battle of Reynoldsville in 1863. The county also provided soldiers who fought in various regiments throughout the conflict. After the war, the county experienced some struggles as the coal industry faced fluctuating demand, labor disputes, and economic downturns.

In the 20th century, Jefferson County's economy diversified with the rise of oil and gas exploration. The discovery of the Barnett and Marcellus shale formations brought new job opportunities and economic growth to the area. Today, the county continues to embrace its natural resources, while also focusing on tourism and outdoor recreation as economic drivers. With its rich history, natural beauty, and a strong sense of community, Jefferson County remains an important part of Pennsylvania's heritage.