What was the Underground Railroad?

The Underground Railroad was a network of secret routes, safe houses, and individuals who aided enslaved African Americans in escaping from the southern United States to free states and Canada during the 19th century.

When did the Underground Railroad operate?

The Underground Railroad operated primarily from the late 18th century to the Civil War era, reaching its peak between 1830 and 1860.

Who were the key people involved in the Underground Railroad?

The Underground Railroad involved a network of diverse individuals, including escaped slaves, free African Americans, white abolitionists, Quakers, and other sympathetic individuals who risked their lives to help enslaved people escape to freedom. Harriet Tubman is one of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad.

How did the Underground Railroad work?

The Underground Railroad worked through a system of `stations` or safe houses where escaping slaves could find food, shelter, and assistance along their journey to freedom. Conductors, like Harriet Tubman, guided them from one station to another, using secret routes and codes to avoid capture.

Were there actual trains involved in the Underground Railroad?

No, the term `Underground Railroad` is a metaphorical one. It does not refer to an actual railroad system or trains but rather to the covert network of routes, safe houses, and assistance used to aid enslaved individuals in their escape.

Where did the Underground Railroad lead to?

The Underground Railroad had routes that led from the southern slave states, such as Maryland, Virginia, and Kentucky, to the northern free states like Pennsylvania, New York, and Ohio. Some routes extended to Canada, where slavery was abolished.

How many slaves escaped through the Underground Railroad?

The exact number of enslaved individuals who escaped through the Underground Railroad is difficult to determine, as records were often kept secret to protect those involved. Estimates range from tens of thousands to possibly hundreds of thousands.

What were the dangers of using the Underground Railroad?

The Underground Railroad was a perilous journey for both the escaping slaves and those assisting them. Escaped slaves faced the risk of capture, physical harm, and separation from their families if caught. Those helping them faced legal consequences, including fines and imprisonment, if discovered.

Did the Underground Railroad contribute to the abolition of slavery?

While the Underground Railroad did not directly lead to the abolition of slavery, it played a crucial role in raising awareness about the cruelty and injustice of slavery. The stories of successful escapes and the bravery of those involved helped to fuel the abolitionist movement and promote the idea of emancipation.

Is there a physical Underground Railroad museum or site to visit?

Yes, there are several museums and historical sites dedicated to preserving the history of the Underground Railroad. The National Underground Railroad Freedom Center in Cincinnati, Ohio, and the Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad Visitor Center in Church Creek, Maryland, are notable examples.

Historical Marker

Underground Railroad

Historical marker location:

Watkins Glen, New York

( Marker is on New York State Route 14 just north of New York State Route 14A, on the left when traveling north.)

Marker installed: 1932

A brief timeline of the Underground Railroad

Late 18th century: The Underground Railroad begins to emerge as a network of secret routes and safe houses used by enslaved African Americans seeking freedom in the northern states or Canada.
1793: The Fugitive Slave Act is passed in the United States, which allows slaveholders to pursue escaped slaves even in free states. This leads to an increase in the number of fugitive slaves seeking refuge through the Underground Railroad.
1810s-1830s: The Underground Railroad grows in prominence and expands its reach. Conductors, individuals who guided fugitive slaves on their journeys, play a vital role in organizing and aiding escape routes.
1831: The publication of "The Liberator," an abolitionist newspaper edited by William Lloyd Garrison, further brings attention to the cause of abolishing slavery and helps to increase support for the Underground Railroad.
1850: The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 is passed, strengthening the legal rights of slaveholders and intensifying efforts to capture and return escaped slaves. This leads to increased activity on the Underground Railroad as a response.
1852: Harriet Beecher Stowe publishes the novel "Uncle Tom's Cabin," which exposes the cruelty of slavery and becomes a powerful catalyst for anti-slavery sentiment in the North and beyond.
1857: The Dred Scott Supreme Court decision rules that enslaved African Americans are not entitled to freedom, regardless of whether they are living in free or slave states. This further fuels the urgency and importance of the Underground Railroad as a means of escape.
1861-1865: The American Civil War takes place, providing a significant opportunity for enslaved individuals to escape to Union lines or areas where slavery has been abolished.
Late 1860s: The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, formally abolishing slavery and marking the end of the Underground Railroad.

The Underground Railroad was a clandestine network that operated over several decades, and its history is marked by countless acts of bravery and defiance against the institution of slavery. While this timeline provides a glimpse into its development, it is important to recognize the ongoing efforts of countless individuals who risked their lives to help others attain freedom.

New York State was home to several utopian communities in the 19th century, including the Oneida Community in central New York, which practiced communal living and free love, and the Shakers, who were known for their furniture and craftsmanship.

About Schuyler County

Schuyler County, NY, located in the Finger Lakes region, has a rich and diverse history that dates back thousands of years. The area was originally inhabited by indigenous peoples, such as the Iroquois Confederacy, who had established settlements and practiced agriculture in the region.

In the late 18th century, European settlers began to arrive in the area, attracted by the fertile land and natural beauty. The region became part of a larger land purchase from the Iroquois known as the Phelps and Gorham Purchase. The first settlers established small farming communities, and the area gradually grew in population.

One significant event in the county's history is the construction of the Chemung Canal, which opened in 1833. This canal connected the Erie Canal with Seneca Lake, allowing for the transportation of goods and boosting the local economy. The canal played a crucial role in the development of towns like Montour Falls and Watkins Glen, turning them into thriving trading hubs.

In more recent history, Schuyler County has become known for its natural beauty and recreational opportunities. The establishment of Watkins Glen State Park in 1906 drew tourists from far and wide, attracted by the park's stunning waterfalls and scenic hiking trails. Today, the county continues to be a popular destination for outdoor enthusiasts, offering activities like boating, fishing, and wine tasting along the Seneca Lake Wine Trail.

Throughout its history, Schuyler County has experienced both periods of growth and challenges. However, its natural resources, picturesque landscapes, and rich cultural heritage have helped shape it into the vibrant community it is today.

Schuyler County Timeline

This timeline provides a condensed summary of the historical journey of Schuyler County, New York.

1789: Schuyler County was established as a part of Steuben County.
1798: Cataract Purchase Treaty ceded the land to the United States from the Iroquois Nation.
1814: The County was officially founded and named after Philip Schuyler, a distinguished American statesman.
1819: Hector Township was organized and became the first of nine townships in the County.
1854: Cayuta Township, the last township, was formed in Schuyler County.
1892: Construction of the first Watkins Glen State Park trail began.
1900: The village of Watkins Glen was officially incorporated.
1948: The Glen Curtiss Memorial Bridge was built over Seneca Lake.
1973: The Village of Montour Falls became the county seat.
2000: The population of Schuyler County reached its peak at 19,224 residents.