Toll Gate No. 2

Madison County, located in central New York State, has a rich and diverse history dating back thousands of years. The area was originally inhabited by the Oneida Nation of the Iroquois Confederacy, who were skilled farmers and traders. European settlers began arriving in the area in the early 18th century, and the region saw significant growth with the construction of the Erie Canal in the 19th century.

In 1794, the Sullivan Expedition opened up the area to settlement as it forced the Oneida Nation to cede their lands. This led to the formation of Madison County in 1806, named after James Madison, the fourth President of the United States. The county soon saw an influx of settlers, primarily from New England, who established towns and farms.

A major turning point in the county's history came with the completion of the Erie Canal in 1825. The canal brought economic prosperity to Madison County, stimulating trade and facilitating the transportation of goods. This led to the growth of towns along the canal, such as Canastota and Oneida, which became thriving industrial centers due to their strategic locations.

Madison County played a significant role in the abolitionist movement during the mid-19th century. Many residents actively supported the Underground Railroad, which helped escaped slaves flee to Canada and freedom. Peterboro, a small town in the county, was the home of abolitionist Gerrit Smith, who provided financial support to prominent activists such as Frederick Douglass.

Overall, Madison County's history is characterized by its agricultural heritage, industrial growth, and contributions to social causes. Today, the county remains a vibrant community, embracing its past while looking towards the future.