Historical Marker

Domínguez Escalante Trail

Historical marker location:
US 84 , Española vicinity, New Mexico
( north of Española)

On July 25, 1776, two Franciscans, Fray Francisco Atanasio Domínguez and Fray Silvestre Velez de Escalante set out on horseback on an expedition from Santa Fe, New Mexico to Monterrey, California. The purpose of the expedition was two-fold; to open communications between the two missions (Santa Fe and Monterrey) and to convert the Indians (Utes and Havasupais) between pueblo land and the Pacific Coast. The party did not reach Monterey, however, but only got as far as the Utah Basin. Due to the onset of winter weather, lack of provisions and frequent desertion of Indian guides, their goal was reconsidered, causing much dissension. Lots were cast to continue on or to return to Santa Fe. Thus it was decided to turn back to Santa Fe

Once you spend a little bit of time in New Mexico, it gets under your skin.
Neil Patrick Harris in True West Magazine
Rio Arriba County is located in northern New Mexico and has a rich and diverse history. The area was originally inhabited by Native American tribes such as the Pueblo and Navajo peoples. In the 16th century, Spanish explorers arrived in the region, establishing the first European settlements and bringing with them Catholicism. This period marked the beginning of the blending of Native American and Spanish cultures that is still prominent in Rio Arriba County today.

During the 19th century, Rio Arriba County played a significant role in the mining and ranching industries. The discovery of silver and gold in the area brought an influx of settlers, and towns like Chama and Tierra Amarilla saw rapid growth. Additionally, the county's fertile lands and favorable climate made it well-suited for ranching, leading to the development of large-scale cattle ranches. This period of economic growth and expansion shaped the county's economy and laid the foundation for its future development.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Rio Arriba County experienced challenges and conflicts. The county's proximity to the Mexican border made it a hotspot during the Mexican Revolution, leading to tensions and occasional violence. Additionally, the area was affected by the growth of federal policies that impacted Native American lands, including forced relocation and the division of tribal lands into individual allotments. These events significantly impacted the cultural and social fabric of Rio Arriba County.

In recent years, Rio Arriba County has faced various socio-economic issues, including poverty, drug abuse, and unemployment. Efforts to revitalize the area have focused on promoting tourism, preserving cultural heritage, and supporting sustainable development. Today, Rio Arriba County celebrates its rich history while working towards a more prosperous and vibrant future.

This timeline provides a glimpse into the major events and milestones that have shaped the history of Rio Arriba County, New Mexico.

  • 1540: Spanish explorers led by Francisco Vásquez de Coronado arrive in the region.
  • 1598: Juan de Oñate establishes the first Spanish settlement in the area, known as San Gabriel.
  • 1821: Mexico gains independence from Spain, and the region becomes part of Mexico.
  • 1848: The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends the Mexican-American War, and the area is ceded to the United States.
  • 1852: Rio Arriba County is officially established as a county in the territory of New Mexico.
  • 1860: The county seat is moved to Tierra Amarilla.
  • 1947: The state Supreme Court case, State of New Mexico v. Roy R. Thompson, addresses land grant issues in Rio Arriba County.
  • 1967: The iconic Ghost Ranch, a popular tourist destination, is donated to the Presbyterian Church.
  • 1970: The El Vado Dam is completed on the Chama River, creating El Vado Lake and providing recreational opportunities in the county.