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New Jersey played a significant role in the Underground Railroad, a network of secret routes and safe houses used by African American slaves to escape to freedom in the North. Many abolitionists in New Jersey helped fugitive slaves, including Harriet Tubman, who is known to have traveled through the state.
About Essex County
Essex County Timeline
Essex County, located in the northeastern part of New Jersey, has a rich and vibrant history that dates back to colonial times. The area was originally inhabited by the Lenape Native American tribe before Dutch and English settlers arrived in the 17th century. In 1666, Newark, now the county seat, was established as a Puritan settlement and quickly grew into a major trading hub and industrial center.
During the American Revolution, Essex County played a significant role. The Battle of Connecticut Farms took place in present-day Union, one of the municipalities within Essex County, where American forces successfully defended against British attacks in 1780. The county was also home to other prominent Revolutionary War events, such as the construction of forts to protect the region.
In the 19th century, Essex County experienced rapid industrialization and urbanization. The advent of the railroad and the burgeoning textile industry brought prosperity to cities like Newark and East Orange. The county became a center of manufacturing and commerce, attracting immigrants from various parts of Europe. This diversity contributed to the cultural richness that still characterizes the area today.
In the 20th century, Essex County faced many challenges as urban decay and economic decline gripped the region. However, efforts to revitalize the county have been ongoing, with extensive redevelopment projects, urban renewal initiatives, and the improvement of transportation infrastructure. Today, Essex County is a vibrant and culturally diverse community that is home to a variety of industries, educational institutions, and recreational opportunities, making it a vibrant and dynamic place to live, work, and visit.
During the American Revolution, Essex County played a significant role. The Battle of Connecticut Farms took place in present-day Union, one of the municipalities within Essex County, where American forces successfully defended against British attacks in 1780. The county was also home to other prominent Revolutionary War events, such as the construction of forts to protect the region.
In the 19th century, Essex County experienced rapid industrialization and urbanization. The advent of the railroad and the burgeoning textile industry brought prosperity to cities like Newark and East Orange. The county became a center of manufacturing and commerce, attracting immigrants from various parts of Europe. This diversity contributed to the cultural richness that still characterizes the area today.
In the 20th century, Essex County faced many challenges as urban decay and economic decline gripped the region. However, efforts to revitalize the county have been ongoing, with extensive redevelopment projects, urban renewal initiatives, and the improvement of transportation infrastructure. Today, Essex County is a vibrant and culturally diverse community that is home to a variety of industries, educational institutions, and recreational opportunities, making it a vibrant and dynamic place to live, work, and visit.
Essex County Timeline
This timeline provides a glimpse into the major events and milestones that have shaped the history of Essex County, New Jersey.
- 1666: Essex County, NJ is founded as one of the original four counties in East Jersey.
- 1682: Newark is established as the county seat.
- 1739: The first courthouse in Newark is built.
- 1776-1782: Essex County experiences significant Revolutionary War activity, including the Battle of Connecticut Farms and the Burning of Springfield.
- 1837: The Morris and Essex Railroad is completed, connecting Essex County to New York City.
- 1862: Princeton Theological Seminary relocates to East Orange, bringing educational and cultural influence.
- 1895: The Cathedral Basilica of the Sacred Heart, one of the largest cathedrals in the United States, is completed in Newark.
- 1920s: Essex County becomes a hub of roaring industrial activity, with growth in manufacturing and commerce.
- 1930: The Art Deco-style Newark City Hall is constructed.
- 1967: The Newark riots, a period of civil unrest, occur in response to long-standing racial tensions.
- 1999: The iconic Prudential Center, an arena and multi-purpose venue, opens in Newark.