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Neshoba County, MS has a rich and complex history that dates back centuries. The area was originally inhabited by Native American tribes, such as the Choctaw, who lived off the land and established their own societies. However, with the arrival of European settlers in the 1800s, the territory underwent significant changes.

In the early 19th century, Neshoba County was established as part of the Mississippi Territory. The region primarily attracted settlers from neighboring states, particularly Alabama and Georgia. These pioneers were mainly involved in agricultural activities, cultivating cotton and tobacco on the fertile lands. As a result, the county's economy grew, and a small farming community began to thrive.

Like many parts of the South, Neshoba County was heavily impacted by the Civil War in the mid-19th century. The area saw military engagements and suffered from the effects of the conflict, including economic hardships and the loss of lives. After the war, reconstruction efforts took place, and African Americans gained more political representation in the county, leading to a period of progress and development.

However, this progress was abruptly disrupted in the summer of 1964 when Neshoba County gained national infamy due to the tragic events surrounding the murders of three civil rights workers: James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner. The county became a symbol of racial tension and injustice during the civil rights movement, highlighting the need for social change and equality.

Today, Neshoba County continues to evolve and is known for its tight-knit community, rich cultural heritage, and natural beauty. It is home to the annual Neshoba County Fair, one of the oldest and largest country fairs in the United States. The county's history serves as a reminder of the challenges and triumphs its residents have faced throughout the years, and it remains an important part of Mississippi's heritage.