Historical Marker

Robert Johnson

Marker provided by: Mississippi Blues Commission.

A seminal figure in the history of the Delta blues, Robert Johnson (1911-1938) synthesized the music of Delta blues pioneers such as Son House with outside traditions. He in turn influenced artists such as Muddy Waters and Elmore James. Johnson’s compositions, notable for their poetic qualities, include the standards “Sweet Home Chicago” and “Dust My Broom.” Johnson’s mysterious life and early death continue to fascinate modern fans. He is thought to be buried in this graveyard.

One of the most famous and legendary Delta blues musiciansis Robert Johnson (1911-1938). Although he recorded only twenty nine songs at two recording sessions in 1936 and 1937, his work has been included in the repertoires of countless blues and rock musicians since. Johnson’s songs “I Believe I’ll Dust My Broom,” “Cross Road Blues,” “Love in Vain Blues,” “Traveling Riverside Blues” and “Sweet Home Chicago” became well known via the recordings of Elmore James, Eric Clapton, the Rolling Stones, Led Zeppelin and many others.

Johnson was born in Hazlehurst, Mississippi, but by 1920 he was living near Robinsonville, just south of Memphis. In the late 1920s, he took up the guitar and was learning to play from Willie Brown, Charley Patton, and Son House. By 1931, Johnson had returned to the Hazlehurst area and begun studying with local bluesman Ike Zinnerman, generally accepted by scholars as the most important influence on Johnson and his revolutionary, modern style.

From 1933 on, Johnson traveled around the Delta and to other parts of the country including Memphis, St. Louis, Chicago, Detroit, New York, and even Canada. Johnson went from one jook to another, never settling in one place, although he did have a home in Helena, Arkansas, for a time. Late in 1938, impresario John Hammond planned to present Johnson as part of the “From Spirituals to Swing” concertat Carnegie Hall, an appearance that wouldhave undoubtedly made him an international star. Unfortunately, Johnson died before that event. He was allegedly poisoned by the angry husband of a woman he was seeing. He died on Star of the West plantation just south of thissite on August 16 and was buried here the following day.

Some believe the myth that Johnson sold his soul in exchange for remarkable guitar-playing skills that would make him famous, and the story of his fateful meeting with the devil at a rural crossroads is an enduring blues theme.Bluesman Son House stated, “He sold his soulto play like that,” but early blues songs are fullof references to witchcraft and the devil, with Johnson’s lyrics no exception. His songs”Hell-Hound on My Trail” and “Me and the Devil Blues,” helped to perpetuate the legend

The Mississippi Blues Trail markers tell stories through words and images of bluesmen and women and how the places where they lived and the times in which they existed–and continue to exist–influenced their music. The sites run the gamut from city streets to cotton fields, train depots to cemeteries, and clubs to churches. We have a lot to share, and it’s just down the Mississippi Blues Trail.

The Mississippi Blues Trail is an ongoing project of the Mississippi Blues Commission. Funding for this project has been made possible by grants from the National Endowment for the Arts, National Endowment for the Humanities, Mississippi Department of Transportation, the Federal Highway Administration, AT&T, and the Delta Center for Culture and Learning at Delta State University plus additional support from the Mississippi Development Authority Tourism Division.

For more information visit msbluestrail.org.

Blues Trail
In 1962, the University of Mississippi, located in Oxford, was the site of a violent confrontation between federal forces and white segregationists over the enrollment of James Meredith, the university's first African American student.
Mississippi random facts
Leflore County, Mississippi, has a rich history that is deeply rooted in the Native American presence and the establishment of European settlements. The area was initially inhabited by the Chickasaw tribe, who thrived on the fertile land and abundant natural resources. European explorers first arrived in the 16th century and Leflore County became part of the Spanish Empire in the early 18th century. However, after the American Revolution, it passed into the hands of the United States as part of the Mississippi Territory.

In the early 19th century, Leflore County experienced an influx of settlers, including many planters who brought enslaved Africans to work in the region's burgeoning cotton industry. With its favorable climate and rich soil, cotton became the dominant crop, shaping the county's economy and society for decades to come. As more settlers moved in, the county was officially established in 1871 and named after a Choctaw chief.

During the Civil War, Leflore County saw significant military action, as it was located alongside the Mississippi River and served as a strategic point for both Confederate and Union forces. The county suffered greatly during this time, with widespread destruction and loss of life. Once the war ended, the county gradually rebuilt its devastated economy, relying once again on cotton as the main crop.

In the 20th century, Leflore County faced the challenges of racial segregation and economic disparities that characterized much of the American South. The Civil Rights Movement brought significant change, with the county playing a role in the struggle for equal rights. Today, Leflore County is a diverse community that honors its heritage while also striving for progress and prosperity.

This timeline provides a condensed summary of the historical journey of Leflore County, Mississippi.

  • 1825 - Leflore County is established as a county in the state of Mississippi.
  • 1830 - European settlers begin to migrate to the region.
  • 1836 - The Choctaw Indians cede their remaining lands in the area to the U.S. government.
  • 1841 - Leflore County becomes a major producer of cotton due to its fertile soil.
  • 1855 - The county's population increases significantly as more settlers move to the area.
  • 1861-1865 - Leflore County, like the rest of Mississippi, is greatly affected by the American Civil War.
  • Late 1800s - The county experiences a boom in timber and sawmill industries.
  • Early 1900s - Leflore County becomes a center for agriculture and is known for its cotton, soybeans, and catfish production.
  • 1940s-1960s - The Civil Rights Movement brings significant changes to Leflore County.
  • 1987 - The Mississippi Delta Community College is established in Leflore County.
  • Present - Leflore County continues to be an agricultural and educational hub in Mississippi.