Bobby Rush

Bobby Rush, a Louisiana native who lived for decades in Chicago, earned the title “king of the chitlin circuit” after relocating to Jackson in the early 1980s. Rush’s distinctive “folk funk” style, featured on his recordings for the Jackson-based LaJam label and others, bridged the blues he heard as a youth and modern soul music. His upbeat and often provocative live shows established him as a favorite among southern soul and blues audiences and later brought him international acclaim.

He was born Emmett Ellis, Jr., on November 10, 1937 (although he has claimed birthdates before and after that date) in Homer, Louisiana, and at eleven moved with his family to Pine Bluff, Arkansas. He eventually took the stage name “Bobby Rush” out of respect for his father, who was a preacher. Rush built his first instrument, a one-stringed “diddley bow,” and by his teens was donning a fake mustache and playing at local juke joints and on the road with bluesmen including Elmore James, Boyd Gilmore, and John “Big Moose” Walker. After moving to Chicago in the 1950s, he worked with Earl Hooker, Luther Allison, and Freddie King. Rush, who played guitar, bass, and harmonica, developed a lively and sometimes risque stage act that blended music, dance, and comedy. His musical approach—which he later coined “folk funk”—married various contemporary sounds with lyrical themes that often borrowed from African American folklore and traditional blues. He achieved renown for his entrepreneurial flair by working multiple gigs the same night and sometimes collecting double pay by disguising himself as an emcee at his own shows. He also booked and promoted many shows himself rather than working through an agency.

Rush’s initial 45 rpm singles appeared in the 1960s on various Chicago labels, including Jerry-O, Salem, and Checker. His first national hit was “Chicken Heads” on the Galaxy label in 1971. Jewel, ABC, Warner Brothers, and London also released Rush 45s, and his first LP appeared on Philadelphia International. In 1982 he began recording for LaJam, a Jackson label owned by Como native James Bennett, who recorded blues, gospel, and R&B acts for his J&B, Traction, Retta’s, MT, Big Thigh, and “T” labels. Rush also moved from Illinois to Jackson in order to be closer to his largely southern fan base. He scored a hit with “Sue” on LaJam and maintained a strong following on the southern soul circuit during the following decades with his tireless rounds of performances and further hits on LaJam, Urgent!, and the Jackson-based Waldoxy label, including “What’s Good For the Goose (Is Good For the Gander Too),” “Hen Pecked,” “I Ain’t Studdin’ You,” “Hoochie Man,” “Booga Bear,” “A Man Can Give It (But He Can’t Take It),” and “You, You, You (Know What to Do).”

In the 1990s Rush began to “cross over” to white audiences, and in 2003 his dynamic stage show was captured in Richard Pearce’s documentary The Road To Memphis, part of the PBS series Martin Scorsese Presents The Blues. The same year Rush formed his own Deep Rush label, on which he released special projects including a DVD, Live at Ground Zero, and an acoustic album, Raw. A recipient of multiple blues awards, Rush was inducted into the Blues Hallof Fame in 2006. He won a GRAMMY® in 2017 for Best Traditional Blues Album for Porcupine Meat.

The site of this marker is the former home of WOKJ, the first radio station in Mississippi to institute full-time programming oriented to an African American audience. WOKJ, founded in 1954, featured deejays James Rundles, the Rev. L. H. Newsome, Bill Spencer, Bruce Payne, Wade “Poppa Rock” Graves, Bill “Omar” Jackson, Jobie Martin, Carolyn Blount, Joe “Big Daddy” Louis, Shelley “Daddy Long” Stewart, and Joe “The Soul Ranger”Shamwell. The Duke Huddleston Orchestra, featuring announcer and vocalist Jimmy King, performed regularly on the station; other musicians who played over its airwaves included Butch Roseby, Sam Myers andElmore James. WJMI and WOAD were also later based at this location