What are Carnegie Libraries?

Carnegie Libraries are public libraries that were built with financial assistance from philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. These libraries were funded by Carnegie's donations and were established across the United States and other countries during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Who was Andrew Carnegie?

Andrew Carnegie was a Scottish-American industrialist and philanthropist who made a fortune in the steel industry during the late 19th century. He believed in the importance of education and donated a significant portion of his wealth to fund the construction of public libraries, known as Carnegie Libraries.

Why did Andrew Carnegie fund libraries?

Andrew Carnegie believed that access to knowledge and education was vital for individual and societal progress. He funded libraries as a way to provide free access to books and learning resources to communities, particularly those that lacked access to educational opportunities.

How many Carnegie Libraries were built?

Between 1883 and 1929, Carnegie's donations led to the construction of over 2,500 libraries worldwide. The majority of these libraries were built in the United States, with others in countries such as the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.

What was the process to receive funding for a Carnegie Library?

Communities seeking funding for a Carnegie Library had to submit a formal application to Carnegie's foundation, providing details about their need for a library, willingness to maintain the library, and plans for site selection and ongoing funding. Carnegie's foundation would then review the application and approve or deny the request.

What were the architectural features of Carnegie Libraries?

Carnegie Libraries often featured neoclassical architectural styles, reflecting the prevailing design preferences of the time. Many were designed by prominent architects and showcased features like grand entrances, decorative facades, and large reading rooms with high ceilings and natural light.

Were all Carnegie Libraries the same?

While Carnegie Libraries shared the common purpose of providing public access to books and knowledge, their sizes and designs varied depending on the community's needs and available funding. Some libraries were smaller, single-room facilities, while others were larger, multi-story buildings.

Are Carnegie Libraries still in use today?

Many Carnegie Libraries are still in use today, serving as public libraries, community centers, museums, or other cultural institutions. Some have undergone renovations or expansions to accommodate modern needs, while others remain relatively unchanged.

Did Carnegie Libraries have any specific requirements or conditions?

Carnegie's donations often came with conditions. For example, communities were expected to provide a suitable site for the library, commit to maintaining the facility, and allocate a portion of their annual budget for library operations. Additionally, racial segregation was sometimes enforced in Carnegie Libraries, reflecting the social norms of the era.

What is the legacy of Carnegie Libraries?

The Carnegie Library initiative had a significant impact on public library development worldwide. It expanded access to education, promoted literacy, and served as a model for future library systems. The libraries continue to play a crucial role in communities by providing free access to knowledge and fostering a love of reading.

Historical Marker

Carnegie Library

Historical marker location:

206 North 7th Street, Brainerd, Minnesota

( Marker is at the intersection of 7th Street and Washington Street (Minnesota Highway 210), on the right when traveling north on 7th Street.)

Marker installed: 1904

A brief timeline of the history of Carnegie Libraries

1881: Andrew Carnegie, a Scottish-American industrialist and philanthropist, begins his philanthropic efforts in library construction by donating funds to build the Braddock Library in Pennsylvania.
1883: The first "Carnegie Library" is officially established in Dunfermline, Scotland, Carnegie's birthplace. This library serves as a model for future Carnegie Libraries.
1886: Carnegie writes an article titled "Wealth," where he articulates his belief in philanthropy and the responsibility of the wealthy to give back to society.
1889: The Carnegie Corporation of New York is established with the aim of funding the construction of libraries across the United States and other English-speaking countries.
1893: The first Carnegie Library in the United States, the Carnegie Library of Braddock in Pennsylvania, is opened to the public.
Late 1890s to early 1900s: The construction of Carnegie Libraries spreads rapidly throughout the United States and other parts of the English-speaking world, including Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. The libraries are often designed by prominent architects and feature diverse architectural styles.
1901: The Carnegie Corporation of New York is founded as a philanthropic organization to manage and administer Andrew Carnegie's charitable projects, including the library program.
1902: Carnegie makes a significant endowment, donating $10 million to establish the Carnegie Institute in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The Institute includes a library, an art gallery, and a natural history museum.
1917: Andrew Carnegie dies, leaving a lasting legacy of philanthropy, including the establishment of thousands of libraries around the world.
1920s-1930s: The construction of Carnegie Libraries gradually slows down, and the focus shifts to maintaining and updating existing libraries to meet changing community needs.
Late 20th century to present: Many Carnegie Libraries undergo renovations, expansions, or repurposing to adapt to modern library services and technological advancements. Some continue to operate as public libraries, while others have been transformed into cultural centers, museums, community spaces, or educational institutions.

The Carnegie Libraries have left an indelible mark on the accessibility of knowledge and education. They remain a testament to Andrew Carnegie's belief in the power of libraries to uplift communities and provide opportunities for personal and intellectual growth.

Audiobooks about the history of Minnesota.

The first female mayor in the United States was elected in Minnesota in 1887. Susanna Salter was elected mayor of Argonia, Kansas, but she was originally from Minnesota.

About Crow Wing County

Crow Wing County, located in central Minnesota, has a rich history that dates back to the prehistoric era. Native American tribes, including the Ojibwe and Dakota Sioux, inhabited the region for centuries before European settlers arrived. In the late 18th century, French fur traders ventured into the area, establishing trade relationships with the Native Americans and introducing European goods and practices.

The County was officially established in 1857, forming part of the newly created Minnesota Territory. Early settlements were centered around the Mississippi River, which provided transportation and trade opportunities. The town of Crow Wing, which later became the county seat, quickly emerged as a prominent trading hub and served as the headquarters for the Northern Pacific Railroad.

During the mid-19th century, the region experienced a rapid influx of settlers attracted to its timber and mining resources. Logging became a major industry, with vast forest tracts harvested to meet the increasing demand for lumber. Numerous sawmills were established along the rivers, resulting in significant economic growth and population expansion.

In the 20th century, the economy diversified, moving away from its heavy reliance on logging. Agriculture, tourism, and manufacturing became important sectors, contributing to the county's development. Today, Crow Wing County boasts a thriving tourism industry, attracting visitors with its natural beauty, lakes, and recreational activities. The county's history is celebrated through various museums and historical sites, and it continues to evolve and grow while preserving its cultural heritage.

Crow Wing County Timeline

This timeline provides a concise overview of the key events in the history of Crow Wing County, Minnesota.

1837 - Crow Wing County is established as a county in the Minnesota Territory.
1857 - The first permanent settlement is established in what is now Brainerd.
1871 - The City of Brainerd is incorporated.
1881 - The Northern Pacific Railway completes its line through Crow Wing County, leading to increased transportation and economic growth.
1894 - The County Courthouse is completed in Brainerd.
1933 - The Civilian Conservation Corps establishes camps in the county to provide employment during the Great Depression.
1941 - Camp Ripley, a military training facility, is established in northern Crow Wing County.
1974 - The Mille Lacs Indian Reservation is established in the southeastern part of the county.
1991 - The Brainerd Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
2009 - The county celebrates its 150th anniversary since establishment.