What are Carnegie Libraries?

Carnegie Libraries are public libraries that were built with financial assistance from philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. These libraries were funded by Carnegie's donations and were established across the United States and other countries during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Who was Andrew Carnegie?

Andrew Carnegie was a Scottish-American industrialist and philanthropist who made a fortune in the steel industry during the late 19th century. He believed in the importance of education and donated a significant portion of his wealth to fund the construction of public libraries, known as Carnegie Libraries.

Why did Andrew Carnegie fund libraries?

Andrew Carnegie believed that access to knowledge and education was vital for individual and societal progress. He funded libraries as a way to provide free access to books and learning resources to communities, particularly those that lacked access to educational opportunities.

How many Carnegie Libraries were built?

Between 1883 and 1929, Carnegie's donations led to the construction of over 2,500 libraries worldwide. The majority of these libraries were built in the United States, with others in countries such as the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.

What was the process to receive funding for a Carnegie Library?

Communities seeking funding for a Carnegie Library had to submit a formal application to Carnegie's foundation, providing details about their need for a library, willingness to maintain the library, and plans for site selection and ongoing funding. Carnegie's foundation would then review the application and approve or deny the request.

What were the architectural features of Carnegie Libraries?

Carnegie Libraries often featured neoclassical architectural styles, reflecting the prevailing design preferences of the time. Many were designed by prominent architects and showcased features like grand entrances, decorative facades, and large reading rooms with high ceilings and natural light.

Were all Carnegie Libraries the same?

While Carnegie Libraries shared the common purpose of providing public access to books and knowledge, their sizes and designs varied depending on the community's needs and available funding. Some libraries were smaller, single-room facilities, while others were larger, multi-story buildings.

Are Carnegie Libraries still in use today?

Many Carnegie Libraries are still in use today, serving as public libraries, community centers, museums, or other cultural institutions. Some have undergone renovations or expansions to accommodate modern needs, while others remain relatively unchanged.

Did Carnegie Libraries have any specific requirements or conditions?

Carnegie's donations often came with conditions. For example, communities were expected to provide a suitable site for the library, commit to maintaining the facility, and allocate a portion of their annual budget for library operations. Additionally, racial segregation was sometimes enforced in Carnegie Libraries, reflecting the social norms of the era.

What is the legacy of Carnegie Libraries?

The Carnegie Library initiative had a significant impact on public library development worldwide. It expanded access to education, promoted literacy, and served as a model for future library systems. The libraries continue to play a crucial role in communities by providing free access to knowledge and fostering a love of reading.

Historical Marker

Carnegie Library

Historical marker location:

210 W. Shiawassee Street, Lansing, Michigan

( Marker is on W. Shiawassee Street, on the right when traveling west.)

Marker installed: 2011

A brief timeline of the history of Carnegie Libraries

1881: Andrew Carnegie, a Scottish-American industrialist and philanthropist, begins his philanthropic efforts in library construction by donating funds to build the Braddock Library in Pennsylvania.
1883: The first "Carnegie Library" is officially established in Dunfermline, Scotland, Carnegie's birthplace. This library serves as a model for future Carnegie Libraries.
1886: Carnegie writes an article titled "Wealth," where he articulates his belief in philanthropy and the responsibility of the wealthy to give back to society.
1889: The Carnegie Corporation of New York is established with the aim of funding the construction of libraries across the United States and other English-speaking countries.
1893: The first Carnegie Library in the United States, the Carnegie Library of Braddock in Pennsylvania, is opened to the public.
Late 1890s to early 1900s: The construction of Carnegie Libraries spreads rapidly throughout the United States and other parts of the English-speaking world, including Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. The libraries are often designed by prominent architects and feature diverse architectural styles.
1901: The Carnegie Corporation of New York is founded as a philanthropic organization to manage and administer Andrew Carnegie's charitable projects, including the library program.
1902: Carnegie makes a significant endowment, donating $10 million to establish the Carnegie Institute in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The Institute includes a library, an art gallery, and a natural history museum.
1917: Andrew Carnegie dies, leaving a lasting legacy of philanthropy, including the establishment of thousands of libraries around the world.
1920s-1930s: The construction of Carnegie Libraries gradually slows down, and the focus shifts to maintaining and updating existing libraries to meet changing community needs.
Late 20th century to present: Many Carnegie Libraries undergo renovations, expansions, or repurposing to adapt to modern library services and technological advancements. Some continue to operate as public libraries, while others have been transformed into cultural centers, museums, community spaces, or educational institutions.

The Carnegie Libraries have left an indelible mark on the accessibility of knowledge and education. They remain a testament to Andrew Carnegie's belief in the power of libraries to uplift communities and provide opportunities for personal and intellectual growth.

Audiobooks about the history of Michigan.

Michigan is the only state in the United States that consists of two peninsulas. The Upper Peninsula (UP) and Lower Peninsula (LP) are connected by the five-mile-long Mackinac Bridge, which is one of the longest suspension bridges in the world.

About Ingham County

Ingham County, Michigan has a rich history that dates back to the early 19th century. The area was originally inhabited by Native American tribes, including the Potawatomi and Ojibwe, who used the land for hunting and gathering. European settlement began in the early 1830s, with the arrival of pioneers who established small farming communities.

The county was officially established in 1838 and named after Samuel D. Ingham, who was the Secretary of the Treasury under President Andrew Jackson. The county seat, Mason, was established in 1847 and remains the administrative center. During this time, the county experienced rapid growth and development, with agriculture as the primary industry. The arrival of the railroad in the late 19th century further facilitated economic growth.

Ingham County played an important role in Michigan's history during the Civil War. The county contributed soldiers to the Union Army, and its residents actively participated in the war effort. In the post-war years, the county experienced further growth and expansion, with the establishment of educational institutions, parks, and cultural amenities.

Today, Ingham County is a vibrant and diverse area, home to Michigan State University, which was founded in 1855 and is now one of the largest universities in the United States. The county is also known for its government institutions, such as the Michigan State Capitol building and the Michigan Supreme Court. Ingham County continues to be an important center for education, government, and agriculture in the state of Michigan.

Ingham County Timeline

This timeline provides a concise overview of the key events in the history of Ingham County, Michigan.

1829 - Ingham County is established as a county in the state of Michigan.
1837 - The first county courthouse is built in Mason, which becomes the county seat.
1841 - The Michigan State Capitol is relocated from Detroit to Lansing, becoming the state capital and bringing economic growth to Ingham County.
1850 - The first public library in Lansing, the state capital, is established.
1855 - Michigan Agricultural College (now Michigan State University) is founded in East Lansing.
1863 - The Michigan State Capitol building is completed and becomes the principal government building.
1897 - A devastating fire destroys much of the city of Lansing, leading to a significant rebuilding effort.
1941 - The U.S. Army establishes Camp Lansing, which later becomes part of the Michigan National Guard.
1951 - The Michigan State Police Training Academy is established in Lansing.
1963 - The Lansing Civic Center (now named Lansing Center) is opened as a multi-purpose event facility.
1998 - The Michigan State University Stadium, Spartan Stadium, undergoes a major expansion, increasing its capacity.