What are Carnegie Libraries?

Carnegie Libraries are public libraries that were built with financial assistance from philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. These libraries were funded by Carnegie's donations and were established across the United States and other countries during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Who was Andrew Carnegie?

Andrew Carnegie was a Scottish-American industrialist and philanthropist who made a fortune in the steel industry during the late 19th century. He believed in the importance of education and donated a significant portion of his wealth to fund the construction of public libraries, known as Carnegie Libraries.

Why did Andrew Carnegie fund libraries?

Andrew Carnegie believed that access to knowledge and education was vital for individual and societal progress. He funded libraries as a way to provide free access to books and learning resources to communities, particularly those that lacked access to educational opportunities.

How many Carnegie Libraries were built?

Between 1883 and 1929, Carnegie's donations led to the construction of over 2,500 libraries worldwide. The majority of these libraries were built in the United States, with others in countries such as the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.

What was the process to receive funding for a Carnegie Library?

Communities seeking funding for a Carnegie Library had to submit a formal application to Carnegie's foundation, providing details about their need for a library, willingness to maintain the library, and plans for site selection and ongoing funding. Carnegie's foundation would then review the application and approve or deny the request.

What were the architectural features of Carnegie Libraries?

Carnegie Libraries often featured neoclassical architectural styles, reflecting the prevailing design preferences of the time. Many were designed by prominent architects and showcased features like grand entrances, decorative facades, and large reading rooms with high ceilings and natural light.

Were all Carnegie Libraries the same?

While Carnegie Libraries shared the common purpose of providing public access to books and knowledge, their sizes and designs varied depending on the community's needs and available funding. Some libraries were smaller, single-room facilities, while others were larger, multi-story buildings.

Are Carnegie Libraries still in use today?

Many Carnegie Libraries are still in use today, serving as public libraries, community centers, museums, or other cultural institutions. Some have undergone renovations or expansions to accommodate modern needs, while others remain relatively unchanged.

Did Carnegie Libraries have any specific requirements or conditions?

Carnegie's donations often came with conditions. For example, communities were expected to provide a suitable site for the library, commit to maintaining the facility, and allocate a portion of their annual budget for library operations. Additionally, racial segregation was sometimes enforced in Carnegie Libraries, reflecting the social norms of the era.

What is the legacy of Carnegie Libraries?

The Carnegie Library initiative had a significant impact on public library development worldwide. It expanded access to education, promoted literacy, and served as a model for future library systems. The libraries continue to play a crucial role in communities by providing free access to knowledge and fostering a love of reading.

Historical Marker

Carnegie Library

Historical marker location:

Anthony, Kansas

( Marker is at the intersection of Springfield Avenue and Main Street (Kansas Highway 44), on the left when traveling north on Springfield Avenue.)

Marker installed: 1911

A brief timeline of the history of Carnegie Libraries

1881: Andrew Carnegie, a Scottish-American industrialist and philanthropist, begins his philanthropic efforts in library construction by donating funds to build the Braddock Library in Pennsylvania.
1883: The first "Carnegie Library" is officially established in Dunfermline, Scotland, Carnegie's birthplace. This library serves as a model for future Carnegie Libraries.
1886: Carnegie writes an article titled "Wealth," where he articulates his belief in philanthropy and the responsibility of the wealthy to give back to society.
1889: The Carnegie Corporation of New York is established with the aim of funding the construction of libraries across the United States and other English-speaking countries.
1893: The first Carnegie Library in the United States, the Carnegie Library of Braddock in Pennsylvania, is opened to the public.
Late 1890s to early 1900s: The construction of Carnegie Libraries spreads rapidly throughout the United States and other parts of the English-speaking world, including Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. The libraries are often designed by prominent architects and feature diverse architectural styles.
1901: The Carnegie Corporation of New York is founded as a philanthropic organization to manage and administer Andrew Carnegie's charitable projects, including the library program.
1902: Carnegie makes a significant endowment, donating $10 million to establish the Carnegie Institute in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The Institute includes a library, an art gallery, and a natural history museum.
1917: Andrew Carnegie dies, leaving a lasting legacy of philanthropy, including the establishment of thousands of libraries around the world.
1920s-1930s: The construction of Carnegie Libraries gradually slows down, and the focus shifts to maintaining and updating existing libraries to meet changing community needs.
Late 20th century to present: Many Carnegie Libraries undergo renovations, expansions, or repurposing to adapt to modern library services and technological advancements. Some continue to operate as public libraries, while others have been transformed into cultural centers, museums, community spaces, or educational institutions.

The Carnegie Libraries have left an indelible mark on the accessibility of knowledge and education. They remain a testament to Andrew Carnegie's belief in the power of libraries to uplift communities and provide opportunities for personal and intellectual growth.

The town of Greensburg, Kansas was destroyed by an EF5 tornado in 2007, and has since rebuilt as a model "green town" using eco-friendly technologies and materials.

About Harper County

Harper County, located in southern Kansas, has a rich history that dates back to the mid-1800s. The area was first inhabited by Native American tribes, including the Kansa and Osage, who relied on the abundant wildlife and fertile land for their sustenance. However, as European settlers began to expand westward, conflicts arose, leading to the displacement of the native populations.

In 1873, Harper County was officially established, named after the governor of Kansas at the time, Marion Harper. The region quickly became an important hub for trade and agriculture, thanks to its prime location along the Chisholm Trail. Cattle drives into Texas and neighboring states brought prosperity to the area, attracting more settlers to the growing communities within the county.

The late 19th century saw the arrival of railroads, which further boosted Harper County's economic development. The construction of the Santa Fe Railroad in the 1880s created new opportunities for trade and transportation, allowing goods and people to easily flow in and out of the county. This led to the establishment of additional towns, such as Anthony and Harper, which continued to thrive as agricultural centers.

Throughout the 20th century, Harper County faced its share of challenges, including the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl. However, the resilient spirit of the residents allowed them to overcome these difficulties and adapt to changing circumstances. Today, Harper County remains an important agricultural area, with farming and ranching still playing a vital role in the local economy. The county also offers various recreational opportunities, such as Lake Harper and the Flinthills Nature Trail, attracting visitors and contributing to its continued growth and prosperity.

Harper County Timeline

This timeline provides a glimpse into the major events and milestones that have shaped the history of Harper County, Kansas.

1803: The area that would become Harper County is acquired as part of the Louisiana Purchase.
1867: The Medicine Lodge Treaty is signed, allowing settlement in the area.
1873: Harper County is officially organized.
1887: The railroad reaches Harper County, enhancing transportation and economic opportunities.
1900s: Agriculture becomes the primary industry, with farming and ranching playing a significant role in the county's economy.
1920s: Oil is discovered in Harper County, leading to a boom in the oil industry and economic growth.
1930s: The Dust Bowl devastates the area, causing agricultural hardships and population declines.
1960s: Lake City Army Ammunition Plant is established, providing employment opportunities in the county.
Today: Harper County continues to be a center for agriculture, oil production, and the manufacturing industry.