National Road

Effingham County, Illinois has a rich and diverse history that stretches back to ancient times. The earliest inhabitants of the area were Native American tribes such as the Illini, Kickapoo, and Shawnee. These tribes relied on the fertile land and abundant wildlife for sustenance and thrived in the region for centuries.

European settlement in Effingham County began in the early 19th century, with the arrival of French fur traders and American pioneers. The county was officially established in 1831 and named after Thomas Howard, the 3rd Earl of Effingham. The first settlers primarily engaged in agriculture, cultivating crops like corn, wheat, and tobacco. The development of transportation infrastructure, such as the National Road and later the railroad, facilitated the growth of the county's economy.

Effingham County played a significant role in the Civil War. It was a strategic location due to its proximity to important transportation routes, making it a target for both Union and Confederate forces. The county saw several skirmishes and military encampments throughout the war. Effingham also contributed soldiers to both sides, with many men enlisting in the Union army while others joined Confederate units.

In the 20th century, Effingham County experienced further growth and modernization. The discovery of oil in the county in the early 1900s brought an economic boom, and industries such as oil refining and manufacturing flourished. Effingham also became a regional hub for trade and commerce, with the development of shopping centers and transportation infrastructure. Today, Effingham County continues to thrive, with a diverse economy, strong community spirit, and a commitment to preserving its rich history.