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Poweshiek County is located in the central part of the state of Iowa. The history of Poweshiek County can be traced back to the arrival of European settlers in the mid-19th century. The area was originally home to Native American tribes, including the Meskwaki (Fox) and the Sac and Fox tribes. The first European settlers arrived in the 1840s and established small communities along the Iowa River.

The county was officially organized in 1843 and was named after Poweshiek, a prominent Meskwaki tribal leader. The community of Montezuma became the county seat and has remained so ever since. In the early years, agriculture played a significant role in the county's economy, with farmers cultivating crops such as corn, oats, and wheat.

The arrival of the railroad in the 1860s brought new opportunities for economic growth and development to Poweshiek County. The railroad allowed for the transportation of goods and people, opening up new markets for farmers and attracting businesses to the area. The county experienced a period of rapid growth and the establishment of new towns along the railroad lines, including Grinnell, Brooklyn, and Victor.

Over the years, Poweshiek County has faced various challenges, including economic downturns and natural disasters. However, the community has shown resilience and continued to grow and adapt. Today, Poweshiek County remains an agricultural hub, with a diverse economy that includes manufacturing, education, and healthcare. The county is also home to several colleges and universities, including Grinnell College, which is known for its liberal arts education.