National Register Listings in

Columbia County, Arkansas

Columbia County, located in the southwestern region of Arkansas, has a rich history that dates back to the early 19th century. The area was originally inhabited by Native American tribes such as the Caddo, Quapaw, and Osage. In the early 1800s, European settlers began to arrive, attracted by the fertile land and abundant natural resources.

The county was established in 1852 and was named after Christopher Columbus, the famed explorer. Agriculture quickly became the main economic activity in Columbia County, with cotton being the dominant crop. The county saw a significant increase in population as more settlers arrived to work in the cotton fields and to establish their own homesteads.

During the American Civil War, Columbia County, like many others in the region, was deeply divided. The county saw both Union and Confederate sympathizers and experienced frequent skirmishes between the two factions. The presence of the war meant that many plantations and farms were abandoned, leading to economic hardship and social unrest.

After the war, Columbia County faced challenges in rebuilding its economy. The decline of the cotton industry and the onset of the Great Depression in the early 20th century further impacted the county's prosperity. However, the discovery of oil in the region in the 1920s provided a much-needed boost to the economy. Today, Columbia County continues to have a diverse economy, with agriculture, timber, and oil being important industries. The county also boasts a rich cultural heritage and is home to several historical sites and landmarks that showcase its unique history.