National Register Listings in

Calhoun County, Arkansas

Calhoun County, located in southern Arkansas, has a rich history that dates back to prehistoric times. Native American tribes, including the Caddo and Choctaw, inhabited the region for centuries before European settlement. The first recorded European presence in the area was in the late 17th century when French explorers and traders arrived in search of valuable resources such as furs. However, it was not until the early 19th century that permanent settlements began to emerge.

In 1818, the United States government established an Indian Agency in what is now Calhoun County to oversee relationships with Native American tribes in the region. This agency attracted settlers to the area, and by the 1830s, the population grew further with the arrival of pioneers from other parts of the country. The county was formally established in 1850 and named after John C. Calhoun, a prominent statesman and senator.

During the Civil War, Calhoun County, like much of Arkansas, experienced turmoil and division. Many residents served in both Union and Confederate armies, causing tension within communities. The county was also the site of several skirmishes and battles, as both sides sought control over strategic positions and resources.

After the war, Calhoun County saw significant growth in agriculture, particularly in cotton farming. The introduction of the railroad in the late 19th century further facilitated economic development, allowing for easier transportation of goods and resources. The timber industry also played a crucial role during this time, with vast pine forests in the area providing ample sources of lumber.

Today, Calhoun County remains largely rural and agriculturally focused, with farming and timber industries still contributing to the local economy. The county's history is preserved through various historical sites and museums, offering visitors and residents a glimpse into its past.