National Register Listings in

Jefferson County, Ohio

Jefferson County, OH, located in the eastern portion of the state, has a rich and storied history. The area was originally inhabited by Native American tribes, including the Mingo and Delaware tribes. The first European settlers arrived in the late 18th century, attracted to the region's fertile land and abundant natural resources.

In the early 19th century, Jefferson County experienced significant growth due to the expansion of the coal mining industry. The discovery of large coal deposits and the construction of the Ohio River and Erie Canal enhanced transportation and trade, leading to a rapid increase in population and economic development. Steubenville, the county seat, became a thriving center for industry and commerce during this time.

Jefferson County played a significant role in the development of the steel industry in the United States. The presence of high-quality coal and iron deposits in the county made it an ideal location for steel production. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, numerous steel mills were established, attracting an influx of immigrants to the area. The steel industry was a major contributor to the county's prosperity, providing jobs and fueling economic growth.

Over time, Jefferson County faced economic challenges as the steel industry declined. The closure of the steel mills in the late 20th century led to job losses and a decline in population. However, the county has made efforts to diversify its economy and attract new industries. Today, Jefferson County is known for its natural beauty, historic landmarks, and recreational opportunities, attracting tourists and providing a range of outdoor activities to locals.