Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania is a state of minds - and hearts.
Tom Ridge in Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood: A Visual History, 2020
Founded in 1681 by William Penn as a haven for religious freedom and named after his father, Pennsylvania played a pivotal role in American history. It was a hotbed of revolutionary fervor, hosting the Continental Congress and serving as the site of the signing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776. The state's industrial development during the 19th century propelled it to become a manufacturing powerhouse, thanks to its rich coal and iron resources and well-connected canal and railroad systems. Pennsylvania was also home to significant social advancements, such as the establishment of the first public school and the founding of the nation's first antislavery society. With cities like Philadelphia and Pittsburgh driving cultural, economic, and political progress, the state continues to be a vital part of the United States' diverse landscape.
Brief timeline of the history of the state of Pennsylvania:

  • 1681: King Charles II grants a land charter to William Penn, establishing the Province of Pennsylvania as a Quaker colony.
  • 1682: William Penn arrives in Pennsylvania and founds the city of Philadelphia, which becomes the colony's capital.
  • 1701: The Charter of Privileges is enacted, granting religious freedom and political rights to Pennsylvania colonists.
  • 1737: Benjamin Franklin establishes the first public lending library in the United States, the Library Company of Philadelphia.
  • 1774: The First Continental Congress meets in Philadelphia in response to growing tensions between the American colonies and Great Britain.
  • 1776: The Declaration of Independence is signed in Philadelphia, proclaiming the independence of the United States.
  • 1787: The United States Constitution is drafted and signed in Philadelphia during the Constitutional Convention.
  • Early 19th century: Pennsylvania becomes a leading industrial and manufacturing center, with a focus on iron, steel, and coal production.
  • 1829: The Pennsylvania Canal, connecting Philadelphia with Pittsburgh, opens, facilitating transportation and economic growth.
  • 1837: The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania begins construction of the Pennsylvania Railroad, one of the largest and most successful railroad systems in the United States.
  • Late 19th century: Immigrants from Europe, particularly Ireland, Germany, and Eastern Europe, arrive in Pennsylvania in large numbers, contributing to its diverse population.
  • 1892: Ellis Island in New York becomes the primary immigration station for many newcomers to the United States, including those arriving in Pennsylvania.
  • 1903: The Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur, conduct their first public flight demonstration near Philadelphia.
  • Mid-20th century: Pennsylvania plays a significant role in the steel industry, with cities like Pittsburgh becoming known as the "Steel City."
  • 1979: The Three Mile Island nuclear accident occurs near Harrisburg, causing a partial meltdown and leading to increased awareness of nuclear safety.