Dr. Annie Dodge Wauneka, “Legendary Mother of the Navajo Nation” (1910–1997)

McKinley County, located in the state of New Mexico, has a rich and diverse history. Its history can be traced back thousands of years to the ancestral Puebloan people who inhabited the region. These Native American tribes, including the Zuni and Navajo, lived off the land and left behind an impressive array of archaeological sites, such as ancient dwellings, petroglyphs, and pottery.

In 1540, the Spanish arrived in the area, led by the famous conquistador Francisco Vásquez de Coronado. They brought Christianity and European influence to the region and established settlements, including the town of Zuni Pueblo. The Spanish influence continued for several centuries with the establishment of ranches and missions.

In the 19th century, McKinley County became part of the territory of New Mexico after the Mexican-American War. The region experienced a surge in population and economic growth with the arrival of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway in the late 1800s. The railway brought new opportunities for trade and transportation, leading to the establishment of towns and mining operations. Gallup, the county seat, became a major transportation hub and a center for coal and uranium mining.

The 20th century was marked by significant events in McKinley County, including the discovery of oil and gas reserves, which boosted the local economy. However, like many parts of the American Southwest, the county also faced challenges, such as the Great Depression and the decline of mining industries in the latter half of the century. Today, McKinley County continues to evolve as a place where Native American traditions blend with Hispanic and Anglo influences, creating a unique cultural tapestry that reflects its rich history.