McKinley County, New Mexico

McKinley County, located in the state of New Mexico, has a rich and diverse history. Its history can be traced back thousands of years to the ancestral Puebloan people who inhabited the region. These Native American tribes, including the Zuni and Navajo, lived off the land and left behind an impressive array of archaeological sites, such as ancient dwellings, petroglyphs, and pottery.

In 1540, the Spanish arrived in the area, led by the famous conquistador Francisco Vásquez de Coronado. They brought Christianity and European influence to the region and established settlements, including the town of Zuni Pueblo. The Spanish influence continued for several centuries with the establishment of ranches and missions.

In the 19th century, McKinley County became part of the territory of New Mexico after the Mexican-American War. The region experienced a surge in population and economic growth with the arrival of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway in the late 1800s. The railway brought new opportunities for trade and transportation, leading to the establishment of towns and mining operations. Gallup, the county seat, became a major transportation hub and a center for coal and uranium mining.

The 20th century was marked by significant events in McKinley County, including the discovery of oil and gas reserves, which boosted the local economy. However, like many parts of the American Southwest, the county also faced challenges, such as the Great Depression and the decline of mining industries in the latter half of the century. Today, McKinley County continues to evolve as a place where Native American traditions blend with Hispanic and Anglo influences, creating a unique cultural tapestry that reflects its rich history.
Brief timeline of the history of McKinley County, New Mexico:

  • Before 1600: McKinley County was inhabited by various Native American tribes, including the Navajo, Zuni, and Hopi.
  • 1846: The United States takes control of New Mexico and establishes the Santa Fe Trail, which passes through McKinley County.
  • Late 1800s: Ranchers and miners begin to settle in McKinley County, attracted by its natural resources and open land.
  • 1881: The Atlantic and Pacific Railroad is completed, passing through Gallup in McKinley County and contributing to the area's growth.
  • 1911: McKinley County is officially established as a county in the state of New Mexico.
  • Mid-1900s: The county experiences economic growth due to uranium mining and the development of coal resources.
  • 1945: The Navajo Nation is officially recognized and given reservation lands in McKinley County.
  • 1970s: The decline of uranium mining and coal operations leads to an economic downturn in McKinley County.
  • 1990s: McKinley County experiences a revitalization with the growth of tourism, healthcare, and service industries.

This timeline provides a glimpse into the major events and milestones that have shaped the history of McKinley County, New Mexico.