National Register Listing

Main Street Historic District

a.k.a. Buffalo Main Street Historic District

Main St., Buffalo, WY
Local significance of the district:
Commerce; Social History

Listed in National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

The National Register of Historic Places is the official list of the Nation’s historic places worthy of preservation. Authorized by the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, the National Park Service’s National Register of Historic Places is part of a national program to coordinate and support public and private efforts to identify, evaluate, and protect America’s historic and archeological resources.

The famous outlaw Butch Cassidy, whose real name was Robert LeRoy Parker, owned a ranch in Wyoming. The ranch was called the Hole-in-the-Wall, and it was located in the remote Johnson County area. The Hole-in-the-Wall was a notorious hideout for outlaws and a place where they could hide from the law.
Wyoming random facts
Johnson County, Wyoming, has a rich history that is deeply rooted in the western expansion and development of the United States. This county was initially inhabited by Native American tribes such as the Crow and Sioux, who relied on the abundant natural resources of the area for their survival. In the early 19th century, fur trappers and traders explored the region, becoming the first non-indigenous people to establish a presence in Johnson County.

The 1860s brought significant changes to Johnson County as the arrival of the Bozeman Trail led to tensions between the Native American tribes and the new settlers. This conflict culminated in the Fetterman Fight of 1866, where a group of U.S. Army soldiers and civilians were ambushed by Native American warriors. This event marked the beginning of a period of hostility known as the Indian Wars in Johnson County.

During the late 19th century, Johnson County experienced tremendous growth with the arrival of ranchers and cowboys who took advantage of the vast open range in the area. Cattle ranching became the dominant industry, attracting numerous settlers to the county. This era also witnessed the development of small towns, such as Buffalo, as economic and social centers.

In the early 20th century, the discovery of oil in Sheridan encouraged both population growth and economic diversification in Johnson County. This newfound prosperity led to the construction of infrastructure, including railroads and highways, which further supported the county's development. Today, Johnson County remains a vibrant community that honors its rich history while embracing the challenges and opportunities of the modern era.

This timeline provides a condensed summary of the historical journey of Johnson County, Wyoming.

  • 1804 - The Lewis and Clark Expedition passes through the area that is now Johnson County.
  • 1829 - The first known non-Native American visitor, William Drummond Stewart, explores the area.
  • 1866 - The Bozeman Trail is established, bringing increased traffic through Johnson County.
  • 1875 - Cattle ranchers begin to settle in the area.
  • 1881 - Buffalo hunters decimate the native buffalo population.
  • 1882 - The Johnson County War, a range war between small ranchers and big cattle barons, takes place.
  • 1888 - The Wyoming Stock Growers Association is formed in Buffalo, the county seat of Johnson County.
  • 1909 - The Bighorn National Forest is established, preserving a large portion of Johnson County's land.
  • 1936 - Construction of the famous Ucross High School is completed.
  • 2021 - Johnson County celebrates its rich history and continues to thrive as a county in Wyoming.