Mercer County, West Virginia

Mercer County, located in the southern part of West Virginia, has a rich history that dates back thousands of years. The area was originally inhabited by Native American tribes, including the Cherokee and Shawnee tribes, who utilized the region's natural resources for hunting, fishing, and farming. European settlers arrived in the 18th century and established a few small communities along the New River and Bluestone River.

The county was officially formed in 1837 and was named after Hugh Mercer, a Revolutionary War hero. During the mid-19th century, the region experienced rapid growth due to the discovery of vast coal and mineral deposits. Coal mining became the primary industry, attracting immigrants from Europe who sought job opportunities in the mines. These immigrants brought their unique cultural traditions to the area, contributing to the rich ethnic diversity that still exists today.

Mercer County played a significant role in the Civil War. The county's location on the border of Virginia and strategic railroad connections made it a contested area. During the war, both Union and Confederate forces occupied the region, leading to battles and skirmishes that left a mark on the landscape. The war also impacted the economy and the lives of local residents, many of whom participated in the conflict.

In the 20th century, Mercer County continued to thrive economically, with coal mining remaining a dominant industry. The county experienced population growth and urbanization, with the city of Bluefield becoming an important center for commerce, education, and entertainment. However, like many other coal-dependent regions, Mercer County faced challenges and declines in the late 20th century as the coal industry declined. Efforts have been made to diversify the economy and attract new industries to the area, focusing on tourism, healthcare, and education.

Today, Mercer County preserves its unique heritage through historical markers, museums, and annual festivals that celebrate the region's cultural diversity. The county provides a mix of natural beauty, including the scenic Bluestone and New Rivers, and opportunities for outdoor recreation. Despite facing economic and social changes, Mercer County continues to evolve while cherishing its rich past.
Brief timeline of the history of Mercer County, West Virginia:

  • 1837 - Mercer County is established as a county in Virginia.
  • 1863 - Mercer County becomes part of West Virginia when it secedes from Virginia during the American Civil War.
  • 1888 - Princeton, the county seat of Mercer County, is incorporated.
  • 1918-1922 - Construction of the Bluestone Dam begins on the Bluestone River in Mercer County.
  • 1949 - The Bluestone Dam is completed, providing flood control and recreational opportunities in the area.
  • 1963 - The Mercer County War Memorial Building is dedicated as a tribute to local veterans.
  • 1985 - Mercer County Airport is established, providing air travel options for the region.
  • 2002 - The Chuck Mathena Center, a performing arts venue, opens in Princeton.
  • 2016 - Mercer County celebrates its 179th anniversary.

This timeline provides a condensed summary of the historical journey of Mercer County, West Virginia.