Washington State Library

Thurston County, located in the western part of Washington state, has a rich and diverse history. The area was traditionally inhabited by indigenous tribes, including the Squaxin Island Tribe and Nisqually Indian Tribe. European exploration and settlement began in the late 18th century when Spanish and British explorers mapped the region. The first permanent non-indigenous settlement, called New Market, was established in 1845 near present-day Tumwater.

In the mid-19th century, the Oregon Trail brought an influx of settlers to the region. Several settlements were established, including Olympia, which would later become the county seat. The area's abundant natural resources, such as timber and fertile land, attracted further development and growth. In 1852, Thurston County was officially created, named after Samuel R. Thurston, the Oregon Territory's first delegate to Congress.

Thurston County played an important role during the Washington Territory years. Olympia, home to the territorial capital, became the center of political and economic activity. The area witnessed significant growth with the establishment of schools, churches, and businesses. The arrival of the Northern Pacific Railroad in the 1870s further contributed to the county's development, connecting it with other parts of the state and facilitating trade.

Throughout the 20th century, Thurston County continued to evolve. The state government's presence in Olympia, coupled with military installations like Joint Base Lewis-McChord, provided stability and employment opportunities for the local population. Today, the county's economy is diverse, with industries such as government, healthcare, education, and technology driving growth. Thurston County remains a vibrant and culturally diverse community, while also preserving its natural beauty and recognizing the contributions of its Native American heritage.