Madison County Courthouse Historic District

Madison County, located in the central part of Virginia, has a rich history that stretches back thousands of years. The area was originally inhabited by Native American tribes, including the Monacan and Siouan tribes, who lived off the land and cultivated crops in the fertile valleys. European settlement began in the early 18th century, with the establishment of several farms and plantations.

In the late 18th century, Madison County played a role in the American Revolution. Many residents joined the Continental Army, and the county saw the Battle of Graves Mountain in 1781. The county was named in honor of James Madison, who would later become the fourth President of the United States and was born in neighboring Orange County. The name change occurred in 1792, and the county experienced rapid growth during this time.

The 19th century brought significant changes to Madison County. The construction of the Southwest Mountains Turnpike in 1832 improved transportation and led to the development of new towns and businesses along the route. Agriculture, particularly tobacco farming, continued to be a major part of the county's economy. Madison County also became known for its mineral resources, including gold, in the 19th century. The gold rush of the 1830s brought many prospectors and miners to the area.

In the 20th century, Madison County experienced a decline in agriculture due to changes in farming practices and the decline of the tobacco industry. The county began to focus more on tourism and outdoor recreation, taking advantage of its scenic beauty and proximity to Shenandoah National Park. Today, Madison County remains a small, rural community with a rich history and a strong sense of community.