An Upper-Class Neighborhood 1630s-1699

James City County, Virginia, holds a significant place in American history. It was first settled in the late 16th century by English colonists, making it one of the oldest communities in the country. The area was named after King James I of England and served as the capital of the Virginia Colony from 1607 to 1699.

In 1607, the Jamestown settlement was established here, becoming the first permanent English settlement in America. However, the early years were marked by hardship and conflict with the Native American Powhatan Confederacy. The settlers faced challenges such as disease, famine, and lack of supplies. The area's fortunes began to improve with the arrival of new colonists and the establishment of a self-sufficient agricultural economy.

During the 17th century, James City County played a crucial role in shaping the trajectory of the American colonies. It was the site of the first representative assembly in English America, known as the House of Burgesses, which met in Jamestown in 1619. The county was also witness to the arrival of the first enslaved Africans in 1619, marking the beginning of the institution of slavery in the English colonies.

In the late 17th century, the capital of Virginia was moved from Jamestown to Williamsburg, which would become the county seat of James City County. Williamsburg served as the political, economic, and cultural center of Virginia for much of the 18th century. However, in 1779, the capital was relocated again, this time to Richmond, and Williamsburg began a slow decline.

Today, James City County showcases a rich historical legacy. Visitors can explore Jamestown Island, which preserves the ruins of the original settlement, and Colonial Williamsburg, one of the country's premier living history museums. The county continues to grow and evolve, with a diverse population and a mix of historic charm and modern amenities.