National Register Listings in

Fairfax County, Virginia

Fairfax County, located in the northern part of the Commonwealth of Virginia, has a rich and diverse history dating back to the 17th century. First settled by English colonists in the early 1600s, the area was home to Native American tribes such as the Doeg and Tauxenent. In 1742, Fairfax County was officially established and named after Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron, who was the proprietor of the Northern Neck of Virginia.

During the American Revolution, Fairfax County played a significant role as it was strategically positioned between the new nation's capital, Philadelphia, and the southern colonies. George Washington, a resident of Mount Vernon in Fairfax County, played a vital role in the Revolution and would later become the nation's first president. The county also saw some military action, including the Battle of Brandywine, which occurred nearby in Pennsylvania.

In the 19th century, Fairfax County experienced growth and transformation. The construction of the Alexandria Canal in the early 1800s facilitated trade and transportation in the region. The arrival of the railroad in the 1850s brought further economic development and prompted the growth of towns and industries. However, like many areas in the country, it was deeply affected by the Civil War. Several significant battles, including the First and Second Battles of Manassas (Bull Run), were fought in the county, leaving a lasting impact.

In the 20th century, Fairfax County experienced rapid growth as a result of its proximity to Washington, D.C. The establishment of the Pentagon and other defense-related installations during World War II led to an influx of federal government workers and the expansion of business and industry. The county's population boomed, and it became a center for technology and innovation. Today, Fairfax County is a thriving suburban community, known for its vibrant economy, excellent schools, and diverse population.