National Register Listing

Thompson's Mill-Amherst Mill Complex

a.k.a. Amherst Milling Company; DHR #163-0007

138-140 Union Hill Rd., Amherst, VA
Local significance of the district:
Industry; Commerce; Architecture

Listed in National Register of Historic Places in 2019.

The National Register of Historic Places is the official list of the Nation’s historic places worthy of preservation. Authorized by the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, the National Park Service’s National Register of Historic Places is part of a national program to coordinate and support public and private efforts to identify, evaluate, and protect America’s historic and archeological resources.

industry commerce architecture
The Virginia Colony was known for its tobacco production, which was the main export during the 17th century. Virginia's tobacco exports helped make it one of the wealthiest colonies in North America.
Virginia random facts
Amherst County, Virginia is rich in history, with its origins dating back to the 18th century. The area was initially inhabited by Native American tribes, including the Monacan, who used the fertile lands and abundant natural resources for their sustenance. In the early 1700s, English explorers and settlers began venturing into the region, eventually leading to the establishment of a permanent English presence in what is now Amherst County.

The county itself was formed in 1761 when the Virginia General Assembly divided the large Albemarle County. Named after Sir Jeffrey Amherst, a British military commander, the region quickly became prosperous due to its fertile soil and ideal farming conditions. It played a significant role in the early American agricultural economy, with tobacco and wheat being major cash crops.

During the American Revolutionary War, Amherst County saw considerable action as part of the larger Virginia theater. Local militia and residents fought alongside Continental Army units, participating in battles such as Saratoga, Brandywine, and Guilford Courthouse. The county was also home to noted patriot and later president, Thomas Jefferson, who owned a plantation in the area.

In the 19th century, the development of the railroad greatly impacted Amherst County. The arrival of the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad in the 1850s brought new economic opportunities, including increased trade and industrial growth. The county became a hub for logging, mining, and manufacturing. However, like many rural areas, Amherst County faced challenges during the Great Depression, with the agricultural sector suffering heavily.

Today, Amherst County is a blend of its rich history and natural beauty, attracting visitors with its historic landmarks, such as the Sweet Briar College, the Amherst County Courthouse, and the historic district of Pharsalia. The county continues to embrace its agricultural heritage while also diversifying its economy to include tourism and small businesses. With its picturesque landscapes and ties to the past, Amherst County remains a vibrant and thriving community.

This timeline provides a glimpse into the major events and milestones that have shaped the history of Amherst County, Virginia.

  • 1761: Amherst County is established.
  • 1770: The county's first courthouse is built.
  • 1781: During the American Revolutionary War, the Battle of Great Bridge takes place in the county.
  • 1838: The county seat is moved from Five Oaks to the town of Amherst.
  • 1858: The Richmond and Alleghany Railroad reaches Amherst County, spurring economic growth.
  • 1861-1865: Amherst County actively participates in the American Civil War, with many residents fighting on both sides.
  • 1941: Camp Jeep, a military training ground, is established in the county during World War II.
  • 1963: Amherst County Public Schools begin the process of desegregation.
  • 2008: Amherst County celebrates its 250th anniversary.